高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)之定語(yǔ)從句

　　我們都知道，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語(yǔ)及書(shū)面表達(dá)都需要依附英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法而成，其中高考時(shí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)之定語(yǔ)從句的資料，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。

　　

 

　　[深化認(rèn)知]

　　一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　(1)who和whom指人，who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ);whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略。在口語(yǔ)中可用who代替whom。

　　Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.

　　有些在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)上很有成就的人，在其他領(lǐng)域常常一無(wú)所成。

　　I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post­cards.

　　我打算給很多朋友寄賀卡。

　　(2)whose指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，指物時(shí)?？捎胦f which代替。

　　Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

　　很少進(jìn)行體育鍛煉或飲食富含脂肪的孩子體重會(huì)增加很快。

　　2.that, which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　(1)that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。指物時(shí)其用法和which大致相同，但也有區(qū)別。

　　(2)which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略。另外，which可用來(lái)指代前面句子的部分或全部?jī)?nèi)容。

　　The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.

　　這個(gè)男孩離家一個(gè)星期了，這使他父母很擔(dān)心。

　　(3)定語(yǔ)從句中只用that不用which的情況：

　?、傧刃性~是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代詞時(shí);

　　Is there anything (that) I can do for you?

　　有什么我可以為你做的事嗎?

　　②先行詞被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等詞修飾時(shí);

　　All the people that come from the country work much harder.

　　所有來(lái)自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力得多。

　?、巯刃性~被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí);

　　The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

　　在桂林他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。

　　④先行詞被the only, the very (正是，恰是), the last修飾時(shí);

　　This is the very book that you are looking for.

　　這正是你在找的那本書(shū)。

　　⑤先行詞中既有人也有物時(shí);

　　He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.

　　他談到了他在那個(gè)國(guó)家所見(jiàn)到的人和所參觀的地方。

　　⑥在which或who的特殊疑問(wèn)句中含有定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

　　Who is the woman that is standing against the wall?

　　靠墻站著的那個(gè)女人是誰(shuí)?

　　(4)定語(yǔ)從句中只用which的情況：

　　①在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí);

　　The chair on which he sat is made of wood.

　　他坐的那把椅子是用木頭做的。

　?、谝龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí);

　　Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

　　足球是一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)，全世界都在踢足球。

　?、郛?dāng)先行詞是that/those時(shí);

　　What's that which flashed in the sky just now?

　　剛才在天空中一閃而過(guò)的是什么?

　?、苡袃蓚€(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用that，另一個(gè)宜用which;

　　Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

　　給你看一下我從新開(kāi)放的圖書(shū)館里借的那本小說(shuō)。

　?、輜hich用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)。

　　He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

　　他也許會(huì)遲到，那樣的話，我們應(yīng)該等他。

　　二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因(一般為reason)的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)替換。

　　(2014·江蘇高考單選)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.

　　在日常交流中這本書(shū)對(duì)我?guī)椭艽?，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中?/p>

　　(2014·浙江高考單選)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

　　直到五年級(jí)我才成為一個(gè)熱衷攀爬的人，在那時(shí)我登高去拿下一個(gè)卡在樹(shù)枝上的風(fēng)箏。

　　The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.

　　我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。

　　2.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞仍用which/that。

　　Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?

　　這是他在會(huì)議上解釋的無(wú)禮的原因嗎?

　　3.當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;如果不作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。

　　They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

　　他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。

　　三、“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.

　　皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。

　　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.

　　我希望感謝史密斯教授，沒(méi)有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)走這么遠(yuǎn)。

　　2.該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用

　　(1)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：

　?、傧刃性~的意義;

　?、趶木渲械膭?dòng)詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配;

　?、劬渥拥囊馑?。

　　(2)表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”，介詞常用of。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：

　?、僭趕ome, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用of which/whom。

　?、趖he+比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)前、后用of which/whom等。

　　(3)有時(shí)“介詞+where”可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)要和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。

　　His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.

　　他的頭很快從窗口探了出來(lái)，從那里除了樹(shù)木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window，而不是from the window)

　　四、as, which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.as作關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，正像”，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。

　　As everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer.

　　眾所周知，莎士比亞是一位著名的作家。

　　2.as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中：

　　as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。

　　As is expected, she married again.

　　正如預(yù)料的那樣，她再婚了。

　　3.which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容則只能位于句末。

　　(2013·安徽高考單選)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people's long­held dreams come true.

　　2012年莫言被授予諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使中國(guó)人長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)?yè)碛械膲?mèng)想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。

　　4.“such/so ...that ...”表示“如此……以致……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句;而“such/so ...as ...”表示“像……這樣……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。

　　Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定語(yǔ)從句)

　　=Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　上學(xué)期數(shù)學(xué)老師考試出了一道很難的數(shù)學(xué)題，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能解出來(lái)。

　　5.“the same ...that ...”表同一個(gè)人或物，而“the same ...as ...”表同種類(lèi)的東西。

　　I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.

　　我想用你昨天使用的那種工具。

　　I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.

　　我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。

　　五、特殊定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.分隔式定語(yǔ)從句

　　分隔式定語(yǔ)從句是指先行詞與關(guān)系代(副)詞分隔。

　　Great changes around us take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(先行詞great changes與定語(yǔ)從句to which we pay little attention分隔)

　　我們很少關(guān)注眼前在我們周邊每天發(fā)生的巨大變化。

　　2.插入式定語(yǔ)從句

　　插入式定語(yǔ)從句是指關(guān)系代詞與從句之間有插入語(yǔ)。

　　We must believe in ourselves, which, in my opinion, is the most important in our life.(關(guān)系代詞which與從句其他成分之間有插入語(yǔ)in my opinion)

　　我們必須要相信自己，在我看來(lái)，這是我們生活中最重要的。

　　[典題在線]

　?、?單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.(2015·全國(guó)卷I語(yǔ)法填空)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

　　2.(2015·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the town met regularly.

　　3.(2015·福建高考單選)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

　　4.(2015·四川高考單選)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

　　5.(2015·陜西高考單選)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.

　　6.(2014·陜西高考單選)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.

　　7.(2015·安徽高考單選)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.

　　8.(2015·江蘇高考單選)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

　　9.(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.

　　10.(2014·四川高考單選)Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.

　　11.(2014·重慶高考單選)We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the beginning of the year.

　　12.(2013·湖南高考單選)Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.

　　13.(2012·湖南高考單選)Care of the soul is a gradual process in_which even the small details of life should be considered.

　　14.(2012·浙江高考單選)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who,_for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.(2016·廣西高三聯(lián)考)We all like our English teacher, from him we have learned a lot.him→whom

　　2.Between the lectures is 20 minutes' break, where the students can get relaxed.where→when

　　3.Her performances on the stage were perfect, that made a lot of people admire her.that→which

　　4.(2016·河北名校質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Playing basketball is a sport that working as a team matters more.that→where

　　5.There are three people in my family and I'm the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families.who→which

　　6.Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.去掉where或where→which/that

　　7.I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.that→which

　　8.The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.which→where或which前加in

　　對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)即時(shí)鞏固·提升知能Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.There were a lot of students in the reading room, most of whom bent their heads down over their books.

　　2.Nowadays, it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book, about which many experts are worried.

　　3.(2016·昆明高三聯(lián)合考試)There are few things that we can do on the Web without using any product of Microsoft.

　　4.As is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.

　　5.(2016·大同質(zhì)量檢測(cè))The city was attacked by such terrible weather as few citizens had ever experienced before.

　　6.A story I read two years ago, whose name I can't remember clearly, changed my idea about education.

　　7.The scenic spot can attract 10，000 tourists every year, of_whom up to half are foreigners.

　　8.(2016·鄭州模擬)The School Art Festival has set up a stage where students can show their talents.

　　9.In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their roles.

　　10.I don't know the reason why you lied to your parents, but you'd better explain.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.He is the man which I saw yesterday.which→whom

　　2.(2016·東北三校聯(lián)考)The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.which→that

　　3.I will never forget the day when I spent in the countryside.when→that/which

　　4.This is the village where he was born in.where→which/that或去掉in

　　5.The reason that he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.第一個(gè)that→why

　　6.(2016·蘭州模擬)This novel, which I have read it three times, is very touching.去掉it

　　7.The school with which he once studied is very famous.with→in

　　8.This is the most interesting book which I have ever read.which→that

　　9.Is that factory your father once worked in?factory后加the_one或factory前加the

　　10.(2016·貴陽(yáng)模擬)Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.that→as

　　Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空

　　(2016·昆明診斷性檢測(cè))Do you know the man 1.who/that wrote this book?He was Jason, one of the engineers 2.who/that came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory 3.where my father once worked.When he came to China, the first thing 4.that he did was to visit the factory 5.which/that did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason 6.why China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 7.that he could spare in helping China develop transportation.8.As is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner 9.who/that made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 10.whom we should say thanks.