高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)之動(dòng)詞

　　我們都知道，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語(yǔ)及書面表達(dá)都需要依附英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法而成，其中高考時(shí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)之動(dòng)詞的資料，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。

　　

 

　　[深化認(rèn)知]

　　一、常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

　　1.agree短語(yǔ)

　　agree with　　同意某人的意見，(氣候、食物等)適合，與……相符

　　agree on 對(duì)……取得一致意見

　　agree to 同意(建議、看法、意見等)

　　agree about 對(duì)……有相同的看法

　　2.bring短語(yǔ)

　　bring up 提出，養(yǎng)育，嘔吐

　　bring down 降低，打倒

　　bring out 帶來(lái)，促使，引起

　　bring about 引起，導(dǎo)致

　　3.break短語(yǔ)

　　break up 打碎，結(jié)束，解散，垮掉

　　break down 分解，發(fā)生故障，失敗，毀掉，制服，崩潰

　　break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)

　　4.come短語(yǔ)

　　come up with 提出，想出

　　come across 偶遇

　　come back 回來(lái)，恢復(fù)，想起來(lái)

　　come over 過來(lái)，順便來(lái)訪

　　come about 發(fā)生

　　come into 進(jìn)入，得到，繼承

　　come out with 說出，發(fā)表，出版

　　come to 總計(jì)，清醒過來(lái)

　　5.call短語(yǔ)

　　call out 喚起，出動(dòng)，大聲叫喚

　　call on 拜訪，號(hào)召

　　call for 要求，需要

　　call off 取消

　　6.carry短語(yǔ)

　　carry out 實(shí)施，執(zhí)行

　　carry on 繼續(xù)

　　carry away 拿走，使入迷

　　carry off 奪走，使喪命

　　7.do短語(yǔ)

　　do away with 廢除

　　do without 沒有……也行

　　do with 處理，處置，對(duì)付

　　8.drop短語(yǔ)

　　drop out 輟學(xué)，掉隊(duì)

　　drop by 順便來(lái)訪

　　drop in (on/at) 順便拜訪(某人/某地)

　　9.get短語(yǔ)

　　get over 克服

　　get away with 僥幸成功，僥幸逃脫

　　get through 接通(電話)，完成(工作)，通過

　　(考試)

　　get across 理解，度過

　　get rid of 除掉，去掉

　　get along with 與……相處，取得進(jìn)展

　　get down to 開始(做)某事

　　get along 進(jìn)展

　　get on 上車，進(jìn)展，相處融洽

　　get to 到達(dá)

　　get in 收割

　　get away 拿走，逃脫，逃離，休假

　　get off 動(dòng)身，從……下來(lái)，脫下

　　get back 回來(lái)，恢復(fù)，取回

　　get into 進(jìn)入，學(xué)會(huì)，習(xí)慣于

　　get down 下來(lái)，取下，咽下，記下，使緊張不安

　　10.give短語(yǔ)

　　give away 贈(zèng)送，給予，背棄，泄露，分發(fā)

　　give up 放棄，辭去

　　give off 釋放，發(fā)出，放出(煙、光、熱等)

　　give out 用完，耗盡，分發(fā)，發(fā)放

　　give in 屈服，呈交

　　11.go短語(yǔ)

　　go by 走過，經(jīng)過，(時(shí)間)消逝，過去

　　go away 走開，離去

　　go out 熄滅，出去

　　go over 復(fù)習(xí)，過一遍，仔細(xì)檢查，審閱

　　go on 發(fā)生，進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)

　　go up 上升，上漲，增長(zhǎng)，攀登

　　go after 追求，追趕

　　go through 通過，瀏覽

　　12.hold短語(yǔ)

　　hold up 舉起，阻止，延誤

　　hold on 等一等，不要掛斷電話

　　hold off 拖延，不接近

　　hold out 伸出，堅(jiān)持下去，維持

　　hold back 退縮，躊躇，阻擋，控制住

　　13.keep短語(yǔ)

　　keep back 后退，阻止，抑制，扣留(錢)

　　keep down 控制，鎮(zhèn)壓

　　keep off 不靠近，不提及，推遲

　　keep out 不得入內(nèi)

　　keep up 保持，堅(jiān)持，使(情緒等)不低落

　　keep up with 跟上，趕上

　　keep away 防范，不接近

　　keep with 陪伴

　　keep an eye on 照看，留意，密切注意

　　14.leave短語(yǔ)

　　leave out 省去，遺漏，忽視，不考慮

　　leave off 停止

　　leave behind 遺留，忘記帶走

　　leave alone 不管，不理會(huì)

　　15.look短語(yǔ)

　　look about 環(huán)顧

　　look up 仰望，查閱

　　look at 看

　　look into 調(diào)查

　　look up to 尊重

　　look down upon 輕視，看不起

　　look forward to 期盼

　　look out 當(dāng)心，小心

　　look after 照顧

　　look upon 看待，把……看作

　　look down 俯視，往下看

　　look through 瀏覽，看穿

　　look over 檢查，查看

　　16.make短語(yǔ)

　　be made of 由……制成(看出原材料)

　　be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)

　　make out 分辨出，勉強(qiáng)認(rèn)出，理解

　　make up 化妝，打扮，和解，配置，編造，虛構(gòu)，構(gòu)成，組成

　　make sense 有意義，有道理，講得通

　　make the best/most of 充分利用

　　17.put短語(yǔ)

　　put off 推遲

　　put down 鎮(zhèn)壓，記下

　　put on 穿上，上演

　　put up 掛起，張貼，舉起，建立

　　put away 儲(chǔ)存

　　put up with 忍受

　　put together 把……放在一起，組合

　　18.run短語(yǔ)

　　run out 耗盡

　　run out of 用完，用光

　　run after 追逐

　　run across 偶然遇到

　　run for 競(jìng)選

　　run over 碾過

　　run into 偶然遇到，與……相撞

　　19.set短語(yǔ)

　　set about doing sth. 著手/開始做某事

　　set aside 留出

　　set down 放下，記下，開始認(rèn)真對(duì)待

　　set off 出發(fā)，啟程，引起爆炸，激起

　　set out to do sth. 開始做某事，著手做某事

　　set up 建立，開辦，豎起，支起

　　20.take短語(yǔ)

　　take off (飛機(jī))起飛，脫掉，突然成名

　　take out 拿出，取出

　　take away 拿走

　　take in 吸收，接納，理解，欺騙

　　take down 取下來(lái)，拆毀，拆卸

　　take up 接受，從事，開始，占去(時(shí)間、空間、地位等)

　　take after 與某人相像

　　take on 呈現(xiàn)，雇用，承擔(dān)

　　21.turn短語(yǔ)

　　turn over 移交

　　turn on 打開，取決于

　　turn off 關(guān)掉

　　turn down 關(guān)小，拒絕

　　turn out 結(jié)果是，培養(yǎng)出，生產(chǎn)

　　turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向，向……求助

　　turn in 上交

　　turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)過來(lái)

　　turn up 調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)

　　二、常用動(dòng)詞的固定搭配

　　account for 解釋，占(比例)

　　adapt to 適應(yīng)

　　come straight to the point談?wù)}，開門見山

　　come to an end 結(jié)束

　　declare war on 宣戰(zhàn)

　　exchange ...for ... 用……交換……

　　make one's fortune 發(fā)財(cái)

　　keep in touch with 與……保持聯(lián)系

　　keep in shape　　　　　　　　保持健康

　　rise to one's feet 站起來(lái)

　　take possession of　　　　　　占有，擁有

　　cause damage to 對(duì)……造成損害

　　go in for 愛好，參加，從事

　　put up with 容忍

　　hold one's breath 屏住呼吸

　　take a deep breath 深呼吸

　　take advantage of 利用，趁……之機(jī)

　　get in/lose touch with 與……取得/失去聯(lián)系

　　get hold of 掌握，抓住，得到

　　give sb. support 給某人支持

　　put ...into practice 將……付諸行動(dòng)

　　work out 制定出，計(jì)算出

　　[典題在線]

　?、?單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.(2015·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.

　　2.(2014·遼寧高考語(yǔ)法填空)OK. Don't laugh at me. I may look funny.

　　3.(2014·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

　　4.(2014·福建高考單選)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold of concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.

　　5.(2016·秦皇島一模)Personally, I agree with the second group of people.

　　6.(2016·開封一模)This evidence shows that ignoring the traffic regulations will bring about traffic accidents.

　　7.(2016·長(zhǎng)春一模)It is often the husband who gives in first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.

　　8.(2016·濟(jì)南一模)That's good. I like to keep in shape, so I play a lot of sports.

　　9.(2016·天津一模)I looked up and there on the headland was a little kid.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.(2016·南昌一模)I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree on everything. on→with

　　2.(2016·大連一模)A quick search on the Internet will bring about dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free. about→up

　　3.(2016·聊城一模)They succeeded in escaping from the burning building by breaking out the door. out→down

　　4.(2016·渭南一模)I was amazed that he'd come up this sweet idea. up后加with

　　5.(2016·陽(yáng)泉一模)They call for people and the government to take measures to fight against the air pollution. for→on

　　6.(2016·綿陽(yáng)一模)This proves that as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to get down any difficulty. down→over

　　7.(2016·邯鄲一模)We will never give off, whatever they might do or say about our plan. off→in

　　8.(2016·佳木斯一模)The old man went down all kinds of sufferings during the war. down→through

　　9.Women are playing more and more important part in society — they hold back half the sky. back→up

　　介詞(短語(yǔ))

　　[深化認(rèn)知]

　　一、常見介詞的用法

　　1.on+名詞或動(dòng)名詞，表示“一……就……”

　　On his arrival he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.

　　一到飯店，他就徑直往柜臺(tái)走去，并與柜臺(tái)后面穿制服的店員說話。

　　2.to與情感名詞連用，表示“某種行為后產(chǎn)生的感覺”， to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret/...

　　Much to our delight and satisfaction, the local government is trying to take strong measures to keep the price under control.

　　令我們高興和滿意的是，當(dāng)?shù)卣诓扇?qiáng)有力措施來(lái)控制物價(jià)。

　　3.by

　　(1)含有“到……的程度”的意思。

　　This one is shorter than the other by three inches.

　　這一個(gè)比那一個(gè)短三英寸。

　　(2)表示買賣東西所用以計(jì)算的數(shù)或量，或付酬所用以計(jì)算的時(shí)間。

　　Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.

　　牛奶論品脫賣，黃油論磅賣，蛋類論打賣。

　　(3)表示“按照……”或“根據(jù)……”的意思。

　　By my watch, the time is half past eleven.

　　按我的表，現(xiàn)在是十一點(diǎn)半。

　　4.of與抽象名詞連用，表示的意義相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞

　　of+great/much+抽象名詞 = very+形容詞

　　of+no+抽象名詞 = not+形容詞

　　(2014·四川高考寫作)Besides, it is normal for me to feel nervous, because the exam is of great importance to me.

　　況且，我感到緊張是正常的，因?yàn)檫@次考試對(duì)我來(lái)說非常重要。

　　5.beyond

　　(1)表示“(時(shí)間)過了，比……晚，遲于”。

　　It's beyond midnight now. Is he still watching the football match?

　　現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過了午夜了。他還在看足球賽嗎?

　　(2)表示“(位置)在……那一邊，超出……;為……所不及，超出……的范圍”。

　　Beyond the river stood a power station.

　　過了這條河就是一個(gè)發(fā)電站。

　　Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.

　　聽了她感人的故事，大家都被感動(dòng)得無(wú)以言表。

　　6.against

　　(1)表示“逆，頂著;靠著，倚靠;碰著，撞擊(表示方向或位置)”。

　　Birds fly slowly against the wind.

　　鳥逆風(fēng)飛得很慢。

　　He stood with his back against the wall.

　　他背靠墻站著。

　　The cold rain beat against the window.

　　冷雨敲窗。

　　(2)表示“反對(duì)(與for意義相反);違背”。

　　Others are against the idea, saying that learning English is useless and is a waste of energy.

　　其他人反對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，他們說學(xué)英語(yǔ)沒用，并且浪費(fèi)精力。

　　(3)表示“防備，準(zhǔn)備”。

　　Some animals store food against the winter.

　　有些動(dòng)物為過冬儲(chǔ)備食物。

　　They have got prepared against flood.

　　他們已經(jīng)做好了防洪準(zhǔn)備。

　　(4)表示“襯托，相映”。

　　Flowers look better against green leaves.

　　好花還需綠葉襯。

　　7.with

　　(表示關(guān)系)和……在一起;(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有;(表示方式)用……，憑借……;(表示對(duì)象)關(guān)于……;(表示伴隨)隨著;(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)?/p>

　　The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money with me.

　　這本詞典是我想要的東西，但我身上沒帶那么多錢。

　　With the vital exam drawing near, I felt so nervous that I even couldn't eat or sleep, thus making me very sleepy in class.

　　隨著這場(chǎng)重要考試日益臨近，我感到如此緊張以至于吃不下睡不著，因此課堂上無(wú)精打采。

　　8.through

　　(表示位置)穿過;(表示時(shí)間)整個(gè)……;(表示手段、媒介)依據(jù)，經(jīng)由

　　Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough years.

　　畢業(yè)是一個(gè)向那些在艱難歲月里幫助過你的人表示感謝的好機(jī)會(huì)。

　　9.off

　　(表示位置)在……的外面，在……的沿海;(表示方向)偏離;從……離開

　　The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.

　　Well Hotel坐落于湖盡頭的大路附近一個(gè)非常安靜的地方。

　　二、介詞短語(yǔ)

　　介詞的固定搭配考查有兩種：一是考查固定搭配中的介詞;二是考查介詞短語(yǔ)。常用的介詞短語(yǔ)的固定搭配有：

　　介詞 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)及意義 in in the meanwhile　　　 　同時(shí)

　　in the way 阻擋

　　in time 及時(shí);最終

　　in detail 詳細(xì)地

　　in favour of 同意

　　in case 以免;萬(wàn)一

　　in return 作為回報(bào)

　　in exchange for 用以交換……in terms of 就……而言

　　in need of 需要

　　in search of 尋找

　　in the form of 以……形式

　　in the direction of 朝……方向

　　in honor of 為紀(jì)念

　　in response to 作為對(duì)……的回應(yīng)

　　in sight 看得見

　　in turn 依次

　　in particular 尤其，特別

　　in charge 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 for be praised for 　　 　　　 因?yàn)?hellip;…受到表?yè)P(yáng)

　　for life 終生

　　for the benefit of 為了……的利益

　　as for 就……而論;關(guān)于

　　be trained for 被訓(xùn)練為……

　　for lack of 由于缺乏…… on on behalf of　　　　　　　代表

　　on the contrary 相反

　　on condition that ... 以……作為條件

　　on account of 因?yàn)椋捎?/p>

　　on watch 值班;監(jiān)視 with have an appointment with 　與……有約會(huì)

　　with regard to 關(guān)于 above above average 　　　　　　 在平均數(shù)以上

　　above all 首先;最重要的是 by by chance 　　　　偶然;碰巧

　　by name 用名字

　　by means of 通過……方法 from apart from 　　　 除……之外

　　far from 遠(yuǎn)非 against warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人不要做某事 out of out of control 　　　　　　失去控制

　　out of place 不在合適的位置;不適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

　　out of one's reach 某人夠不著的地方

　　out of the question 不可能

　　out of question 毫無(wú)疑問

　　out of sight 看不見

　　out of order 發(fā)生故障

　　[典題在線]

　?、?單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.

　　2.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

　　3.(2015·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)Then the Johnsons had to make a living without a cow.

　　4.(2015·福建高考單選)A common memory they all have of their school days is the school uniform.

　　5.(2015·陜西高考單選)The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.

　　6.(2015·重慶高考單選)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average.

　　7.(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.

　　8.(2014·浙江高考單選)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.

　　9.(2014·北京高考單選)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))Tony saw a toy on a shop window.on→in

　　2.(2015·陜西高考短文改錯(cuò))My soccer coach retired in last week.去掉in

　　3.(2015·四川高考短文改錯(cuò))Please help with me and give me some advice.去掉with

　　4.(2014·四川高考短文改錯(cuò))If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.wait_后加for

　　5.(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.by→of

　　6.(2014·浙江高考短文改錯(cuò))If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.on→in

　　7.(2016·營(yíng)口一模)Suddenly it occurred to me that he might have left it in the taxi. So I immediately got touch with the taxi company.got后加in

　　8.(2016·煙臺(tái)一模)I'm afraid physics is completely against me and I have to ask you for help.against→beyond

　　對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)即時(shí)鞏固·提升知能

　?、?單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.(2016·鎮(zhèn)江調(diào)研)As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.

　　2.(2016·海口模擬)It is well known to us all that friendship calls for time and effort.

　　3.Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.

　　4.I am trying to persuade him to give up the attempt.

　　5.As time went by,_I still take singing as my hobby.

　　6.(2016·昆明質(zhì)檢)The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones in particular.

　　7.Dora has some shortcomings but on the whole she seems like an intelligent, likable person.

　　8.(2016·沈陽(yáng)模擬)As the only child, Jack was in possession of all the belongings after his parents died.

　　9.My mother is against my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.

　　10.We offered her our congratulations on her passing the driving test.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.There is no doubt that the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep with the latest information. keep后加up

　　2.Pupils should be taught to look up their parents. up后加to

　　3.Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put off almost every word her teacher says. off→down

　　4.(2016·西工大附中第七次適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練)If we continue to destroy and waste the natural resources like this, we will run out it sooner or later. out后加of

　　5.I am afraid the mountain would break down. The next morning we got up early in order to see the sun rise from the east. from→in

　　6.In first sight, it may look like a generous offer, but always read the small print. In→At

　　7.(2016·東北三校聯(lián)考)I'm very interested in the job and I'd like to apply to the position. 第二個(gè)to→for

　　8.I want to find out a part­time job in the summer. I'm 18 years old and have a good command of English, especially in terms of speaking and listening. 去掉out

　　9.These are the happiest girls I've ever seen and I'm the happiest in all! in→of

　　10.He is always helping people without expecting anything as return. as→in

　?、?語(yǔ)法填空

　　(2016·東北三省四市聯(lián)考)It was a city in Hubei Province. On International Children's Day, some orphans (孤兒) from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children were taken 1.to the park. An elderly westerner was with them. The children were eager to tell him everything that was going on. They held him 2.by the hand and never hesitated to call him Grandpa. This man was Professor William Dorrity, from Florida, USA. In 2003, 3.when/after Professor Dorrity and his wife retired, they came to Wuhan and started to work 4.as volunteers at the Welfare Institute.

　　The Dorritys have been working hard to improve the conditions at the Welfare Institute since they came. They often take children on day trips, 5.bringing (bring) along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy. They recently bought audiphones for four orphans 6.with hearing problems and small tape recorders for three blind children. They also bought a wheelchair for ten­year­old Tan Jun, 7.who suffers from a brain problem. With the 8.arrival (arrive) of spring, the Dorritys took the children for 9.an outing. “We love China and we love children，” Dorrity said, “10.and/so we are happy to do this.”