高考英語語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)之構(gòu)詞法與比較等級(jí)
[深化認(rèn)知]
一、派生法
1.名詞后綴
(1)動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴
后綴 例詞
ion/
tion/
sion/
ation correct→correction 改正
celebrate→celebration
慶祝;慶祝會(huì)
attract→attraction
吸引
discuss→discussion
討論;辯論
graduate→graduation
畢業(yè)
conclude→conclusion
結(jié)論;結(jié)束
decide→decision
決定
admit→admission
接納;準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)
invite→invitation
邀請(qǐng)
explain→explanation
解釋
expect→expectation
期望
er/or drive→driver
司機(jī);駕駛員
gather→gatherer
收集者;采集者
teach→teacher
老師
announce→announcer
播音員
conduct→conductor
指揮;售票員
direct→director
導(dǎo)演
ment punish→punishment
懲罰
achieve→achievement
功績(jī);成就
argue→argument
辯論;論據(jù)
treat→treatment
對(duì)待;治療
equip→equipment
裝備;設(shè)備
govern→government
政府
ance/
ence appear→appearance
出現(xiàn);外貌
guide→guidance
指引;指導(dǎo)
perform→performance
表演;節(jié)目
exist→existence
存在;生存
prefer→preference
偏愛
refer→reference
參考;查閱
ing hear→hearing
聽力;聽覺
begin→beginning
開始
ure/
ture fail→failure
失敗;沒做到
press→pressure
壓力
depart→departure
離開;出發(fā)
mix→mixture
混合;混合物
y recover→recovery 恢復(fù);痊愈
discover→discovery
發(fā)現(xiàn)
其他 choose→choice 選擇
vary→variety
多樣化;種類
tend→tendency
趨向;趨勢(shì)
(2)形容詞變名詞的后綴
后綴 例詞
age short→shortage不足;短缺
cy efficient→efficiency 效率;功效
fluent→fluency
流利;流暢
accurate→accuracy
準(zhǔn)確性
private→privacy
隱私;私密
dom free→freedom自由;自主
wise→wisdom
明智;智慧
ce different→difference 差異
silent→silence
沉默
ness weak→weakness 虛弱;弱點(diǎn)
kind→kindness
仁慈;好意
careless→carelessness
粗心大意
th strong→strength 力氣;強(qiáng)項(xiàng)
warm→warmth
溫暖;熱情
y/ty/
ity honest→honesty 誠(chéng)實(shí)
difficult→difficulty
困難
cruel→cruelty
殘酷;殘暴
safe→safety
安全
disable→disability
無能;傷殘
responsible→responsibility
責(zé)任
2.形容詞、副詞后綴
(1)動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的常見后綴
后綴 例詞
able accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable
舒適的
fashion→fashionable
時(shí)髦的
suit→suitable
合適的
reason→reasonable
有道理的
al music→musical音樂的
origin→original
最初的
person→personal
個(gè)人的;私人的
centre→central
中央的;中心的
nature→natural
自然的;天生的
ful doubt→doubtful 懷疑的
forget→forgetful
健忘的
harm→harmful
有害的
hope→hopeful
有希望的
peace→peaceful
和平的
ed scare→scared 感到恐懼的
confuse→confused
感到困惑的
underline→underlined
下劃線的
ing surprise→surprising 令人驚奇的
convince→convincing
令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying
令人滿意的
ible access→accessible容易取得的
horror→horrible
可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible
可怕的
ive act→active積極的;活躍的
effect→effective
有效的;生效的
attract→attractive
有吸引力的
impress→impressive
給人深刻印象的
ous continue→continuous 不斷的;持續(xù)的
anxiety→anxious
憂慮的
caution→cautious
十分小心的;謹(jǐn)慎的
curiosity→curious
好奇的
humor→humorous
幽默的
some tire→tiresome 令人厭倦的
trouble→troublesome
麻煩的
y taste→tasty 美味的;可口的
health→healthy
健康的
wealth→wealthy
富裕的;豐富的
ern
east→eastern東方的;向東的 ish child→childish 孩子氣的
fool→foolish
愚蠢的;可笑的
self→selfish
自私的
(2)形容詞變副詞的后綴
直接加ly
slow→slowly 緩慢地
改y為ily happy→happily高興地
去e加lytrue→truly 真誠(chéng)地;確實(shí)
3.形容詞、名詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴
前/后綴 例詞
前綴 en able→enable 使能夠
large→enlarge
擴(kuò)大
rich→enrich
使充實(shí)
后綴 en broad→broaden (使)變寬
ripe→ripen
(使)成熟
sharp→sharpen
使尖銳
wide→widen
加寬
ify class→classify 把……分類
just→justify
證明……正確
simple→simplify
簡(jiǎn)化
ize apology→apologize 道歉
emphasis→emphasize
強(qiáng)調(diào)
4.表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴
前/后綴
例詞
前綴 dis agree→disagree 不同意
advantage→disadvantage
缺點(diǎn)
il legal→illegal 不合法的
logical→illogical
不合邏輯的
im polite→impolite 無禮的
patient→impatient
不耐煩的
in formal→informal 非正式的
convenient→inconvenient不方便的
ir regular→irregular不規(guī)則的
responsible→irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的
mis lead→mislead誤導(dǎo)
understand→misunderstand
誤解
un usual→unusual 不尋常的
willing→unwilling
不愿意的
后綴 less hope→hopeless 絕望的
end→endless
沒完沒了的
二、轉(zhuǎn)化法
不改變?cè)~形，把一個(gè)詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。
動(dòng)詞→名詞 look→have a look看一看
survey→make a survey
調(diào)查
walk→take a walk
散步
名詞→動(dòng)詞 button n.紐扣→v.扣紐扣
book n.書→v.預(yù)訂
seat n.座位→v.容納
back n.背部→v.支持
形容詞→動(dòng)詞 slow adj.慢的→v.減慢
narrow adj.窄的→v.縮小
warm adj.暖和的→v.加熱
[典題在線]
?、?單句語法填空
1.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people
living
in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2.(2015·全國(guó)卷 Ⅱ 語法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
3.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability (able) to “air condition” a house without
using
electric equipment.
4.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語法填空)As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
how
thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
5.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語法填空)The river was so polluted that it
actually
(actual) caught fire and burned.
6.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語法填空)Just be patient (patience).
7.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語法填空)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly (sudden) became friendly to one another.
8.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,
and
some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint).
9.(2017·遼寧高考語法填空)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and softly (soft).
10.(2017·遼寧高考語法填空)I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain).
11.(2017·湖北高考短文寫作)Luckily, she was not badly injured (injure) and we sent her to the nearest hospital.
12.(2017·福建高考書面表達(dá))So excited (excite) was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it.
13.(2017·廣東高考語法填空)But such a small thing couldn't possibly (possible) destroy a village.
14.(2017·廣東高考語法填空)“That would be a very reasonable (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.
?、?單句改錯(cuò)
1.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))Lots of studies have
shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.seriously→serious
2.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))Dad and I were terrible worried.terrible→terribly
3.(2015·浙江高考短文改錯(cuò))On the lefthand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.easy→easily
4.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. taste→tasty
5.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! wonderfully→wonderful
6.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.helpfully→helpful
7.(2017·浙江高考短文改錯(cuò))No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before.previous→previously
8.(2017·遼寧高考短文改錯(cuò))That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. closely→close_
[深化認(rèn)知]
一、比較等級(jí)
1.平級(jí)比較
(1)as+形容詞(副詞)原級(jí)+as ...“和……一樣”;not as/so+形容詞(副詞)原級(jí)+as ...“不如……”。
(2016·長(zhǎng)春一模寫作)Tom is as excellent as John in the ability of dealing with such cases.
在處理這類案件上，湯姆和約翰的能力是一樣優(yōu)秀的。
(2)as+形容詞原級(jí)+a(n)+n.+as ...“和……一樣”。
Although Tom was as heavy a smoker as me, he did give up smoking last year.
盡管湯姆和我一樣是個(gè)老煙槍，但他在去年確實(shí)戒煙了。
2.比較級(jí)
(1)比較級(jí)+than ...“比……更”;less ... than“不如……”。
This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.
他們今年生產(chǎn)的谷物比去年少。
(2)the+比較級(jí)， the +比較級(jí) “越……，越……”。
It's believed that the harder you work, the better result you'll get.
人們相信，工作越努力，得到的結(jié)果將越好。
(3)the+比較級(jí)+of the +名詞/代詞 “兩者中較……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys ?
這兩個(gè)男孩中較小的是哪一個(gè)?
(4)“否定詞+比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)含義。
Mr. Stevenson is great to work for — I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
為斯蒂文森先生工作感覺非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。
(5)比較等級(jí)前常用的修飾語有：a little, a bit, slightly, much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。
—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.
——我不得不說這部電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒有。
——為什么?它比我以前看過的所有電影都有趣多了。
3.最高級(jí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
表達(dá)在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最……”，用“the+最高級(jí)+比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)。
The river is the longest in the world.
這條河流是世界上最長(zhǎng)的。
二、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法
常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)形式有：
1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
這棵樹是那棵樹的三倍高。
His father is twice as old as he.
他父親的年齡是他的兩倍大。
2.倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than
This river is almost twice longer than that one.
這條河差不多比那條河長(zhǎng)兩倍。
The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
這本字典恰好比那本貴五倍。
3.倍數(shù)+the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/ ...+of
The newlybroadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。
4.倍數(shù)+that+of
The size of the newlybroadened square is four times that of the previous one.
新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。
5.倍數(shù)+what從句
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。
[名師指津] 在倍數(shù)表達(dá)法中倍數(shù)一般放在第一個(gè)as或比較級(jí)或名詞的前面。另外，倍數(shù)除了用times(三倍或三倍以上的數(shù))來表示外，還可用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)以及twice/double(兩倍)，triple(三倍)，fourfold(四倍)等來表示。
[典題在線]
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語法填空)Finally, that hard work paid
off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.
2.(2017·遼寧高考語法填空) The
harder
(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
3.(2017·廣東高考語法填空) After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier
(early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.
4.(2017·大綱卷單選)Raymond's parents wanted him to have the_best (good) possible education.
5.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ單選)It may not be a great suggestion. But before
a better (good)
one
is put forward, we'll make do with it.
6.(2017·天津高考單選)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are more_meaningful (meaningful) things to do.
7.(2017·遼寧高考單選)This is by far the_most_inspiring (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen.
?、?單句改錯(cuò)
1.(2015·陜西高考短文改錯(cuò))My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.better→best
2.(2016·泉州一模短文改錯(cuò))Your story is wonderful; I've never heard a good one before.good→better
3.(2016·蘭州一模短文改錯(cuò))—Goods imported from abroad are not always best than those made in China.
—Yes. Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.best→better
4.(2016·石家莊一模短文改錯(cuò))The most you practise, the better you can understand. most→more_
5.Our school which was built last year is three times as bigger as his.bigger→big對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)即時(shí)鞏固·提升知能Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged
(encouragement)
me to keep going.
2.Parents arrange (arrangement) everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
3.This hill is four times higher (high) than that small one.
4.(2016·齊齊哈爾模擬)In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration (inspire).
5.I don't think it a reasonable (reason) practice for them to behave that way in our society.
6.(2016·河南省六市聯(lián)考)Friends are more important (importance) than phones in our daily life.
7.The farmers' living conditions have improved significantly (significance) ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced.
8.(2016·石家莊高中畢業(yè)班模擬)Already, she looked like she was much braver (brave) than Larry had been then.
9.The earlier (early) the treatment is given, the better it is for
the patient.
10.Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller (small) one, which is very easy for me to carry.
?、?單句改錯(cuò)
1.To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. bad→worse
2.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blind.
blind→blindly
3.(2016·銀川模擬)In some places you may borrow as more books as you need, but in others you are limited to a certain number of books. more→many
4.Well, I like much more than one, such as painting and model making, but my favorite is dancing. 去掉much
5.(2016·貴陽模擬)Five years ago, our playground was five times the size with yours.with→of
6.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerfully symbol in last year's election. powerfully→powerful
7.(2016·哈爾濱質(zhì)檢)Most of the fish there was freezing, but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market. freezing→frozen
8.(2016·吉林質(zhì)檢)In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified high can make use of them to achieve their purposes. high→highly
9.I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happy and excitement to my life. happy→happiness
10.As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, we'd like to invite you to the exhibition. popularly→popular
?、?語法填空
(2016·鄭州模擬)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people's daily life. These
proverbs are often
1.interesting (interest) stories.
2.For
example, the proverb,
“pluck up a crop
3.to_help
(help) it grow”， is based on the following story.
It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (960-1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up
4.quickly
(quick). He was thinking about it
day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea
5.that
he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,
6.but/yet
he felt very happy since the crop did
“grow”
7.higher
(high).
His son
8.heard
(hear) about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their
9.natural
(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often
10.results
(result) in the contrary to our intention.
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