連詞是用來連接單詞、短語、從句或句子的詞。連詞是一種虛詞,在句子中不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。
1.并列連詞and和or的用法
(1)and 和or 用來連接詞性、結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的兩個(gè)部分,and 意為“和,以及,而且”;or 意為“和,或者,還是”。如:
Tom and Mary are singing and dancing at the party.湯姆和瑪麗正在晚會(huì)上唱歌跳舞。(連接兩個(gè)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞)
It is possible for a clever and capable student to get the highest education in England.在英國(guó),一個(gè)聰明有才能的學(xué)生能夠受到最高等的教育。(連接兩個(gè)形容詞)
Most diseases will be cured by breathing fresh air and eating nutritious food.大多數(shù)疾病都能通過呼吸新鮮空氣以及吃有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物治愈。(連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞)
Mike says that he loves his job and that he will devote his life to it.麥克說他非常喜歡他的工作并愿意為之奮斗終生。(連接兩個(gè)從句)
Do you go to school on foot or by bike?你上學(xué)步行還是騎自行車?
注意:
三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的并列成分,只在最后一并列成分前加and,其他的后面加逗點(diǎn)表示并列關(guān)系。如:Sam enjoys tennis,golf and baseball.薩姆喜歡網(wǎng)球、高爾夫球和棒球。
(2)祈使句+and+陳述句,祈使句具有條件句的作用,and后的句子通常用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。如:
Go straight on,and you will see the library.一直往前走,你就會(huì)看到那個(gè)圖書館。
If you go straight on,you will see the library.如果你一直往前走,你就會(huì)看到那個(gè)圖書館。
注意:
“祈使句+or+陳述句”,祈使句表示否定的條件句,or意為“否則,不然的話”。如:Work hard or you will fail in the exam.努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你就會(huì)考試不及格
=If you don't work hard,you will fail in the exam.如果你不努力的話,考試會(huì)不及格的。
(3)and 與or 使用4注意
①and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人,作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而or 連接的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞或代詞來決定。如:
Tom and Jack are going to the cinema.湯姆和杰克要去看電影。
Professor Wang or I am to go to your school.王教授或是我將要去你們學(xué)校。
②在否定句中,并列成分的列舉通常用or ,構(gòu)成完全否定,意為“也不”。如:
The elephant isn't like a wall,or a spear,or a snake,or a tree;neither is it like a fan.這頭大象既不像一堵墻,也不像一支梭鏢、一條蛇、一棵樹,更不像一把扇子。
注意:
在含有兩個(gè)否定詞的否定句中,并列的兩部分用and 連接而不用or。如:
There is no air and no water on the moon.月球上沒有空氣沒有水。
There is no air or water in the moon.月球上沒有空氣沒有水。
③主語用and 連接,謂語是否定式時(shí)構(gòu)成完全否定。如:
Tom and Mary cannot speak Chinese.湯姆和瑪麗不會(huì)說漢語。
④在否定句中,without之后的列舉部分用and 連接,構(gòu)成完全否定,而在肯定句中without之后的列舉部分要用or 連接才能構(gòu)成完全否定。如:
Men can't live without air and water.That is to say,men will die without air or water.沒有空氣和水,人就不能活,也就是說,沒有空氣和水人就會(huì)死。
2.并列連詞but的用法
(1)but 用來表示轉(zhuǎn)折,意為“但是”。如:
It is hot in summer here,but it is not cold in winter.這里夏天熱,但冬天不冷。
Our purpose is not to do it for you but to teach you to do it by yourself.我們的目的不是替你做這事,而是教會(huì)你自己來做。
注意:
but不能和although或though連用表示“雖然……但是……”,英語表示“雖然……但是……”時(shí),只用其一。如:She looks very young,but she is already in her 30's.=Although she looks very young,she is already in her 30's.她雖然看上去很年輕,可是她已三十多歲了。
3.as well as的用法
as well as 表示“和;與;不但……而且;既是……也是;而且;還”。用來連接名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、句子、動(dòng)名詞等。如:
She shares (in)my troubles as well as my joys.她與我同甘共苦。
He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既種菜也種花。
They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country.他們?cè)诔抢镉幸惶坠?,在鄉(xiāng)村還有一所房子。
Humans will suffer as well as animals if the rain doesn't come.如果不下雨的話,人和動(dòng)物都將遭難。
The child is lively as well as healthy.孩子既健康又活潑。
We need air when we are asleep as well as when we are awake.我們不僅在醒著的時(shí)候需要空氣,在睡著的時(shí)候也需要空氣。
She sings as well as plays the piano.她不但會(huì)彈鋼琴,而且會(huì)唱歌。
注意:
當(dāng) as well as 連接兩個(gè)成分作主語時(shí),其后的謂語通常要與前面一個(gè)主語保持一致。如:
Tom as well as his parents is going to London.湯姆和他的父母要去倫敦。
4.both ...and ...的用法
both ...and ... 意為“……和……兩個(gè)都;既……又……”,用來連接兩個(gè)并列的詞語或句子,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Both Tom and Jim are my good friends.湯姆和吉姆都是我的好朋友。
The girl can speak both Chinese and English.那個(gè)女孩既會(huì)說漢語,又會(huì)說英語。
注意:
both ...and ...的對(duì)應(yīng)詞組是neither ...nor ...意為“既不,也不;兩者都不”,neither ...nor ...連接兩個(gè)部分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)nor后的名詞確定單復(fù)數(shù)。
Neither Sam nor Tom has a bike.薩姆和湯姆兩個(gè)都沒有自行車。
5.not only ...but also ...的用法
(1)not only ...but also ... 連接兩個(gè)并列的單詞、短語或句子,意為“不但……而且……”。如:Not only you but also I am wrong.不但你錯(cuò)了,而且我也錯(cuò)了。(連接并列主語)
Success depends not only on talent but also on effort.成功不但靠天分,而且要靠努力。(連接并列賓語)
注意:
not only ...but also ...如果連接的是兩個(gè)主語,則謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致原則。
Not only you but also Mr.Zhang teaches in this school.不但你,而且張老師也在這個(gè)學(xué)校教。
Not only men but also women were chosen.選中的不僅有男的也有女的。
(2)not only ...but also ... 連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),常常為了強(qiáng)調(diào)可以將not only 置于句首,這時(shí)它引導(dǎo)的分句應(yīng)倒裝。如:
Not only did he make a promise,but also he kept it.他不但許下了諾言,而且做到了。
Not only is he dependable,but also he is trustworthy.他不但可靠而且值得信賴。
注意:
not only ...but also ...在口語和非正式文體中,but可以省略,有時(shí)also也省略。如:He is famous not only in China but in the whole world.他不僅聞名中國(guó),而且聞名全球。(省略also)
This book is not only good,it is also cheap.這本書不只是好,而且便宜。(省略but)
6.neither ...nor ...的用法
neither ...nor ... 用來連接兩個(gè)語法對(duì)等的并列成分,如主語、謂語、賓語、表語、狀語等,也可以連接兩個(gè)句子,意為“既不……也不……;……兩者都不”。如:
He plays neither basketball nor football on Sunday.他在星期天既不打籃球也不踢足球。
He neither speaks French nor understands it.他既不會(huì)說法語,也聽不懂法語。
注意:
neither ...nor ...連接的兩個(gè)成分作主語時(shí),其謂語與靠近的一個(gè)保持一致。如:
Neither Jim nor Jack was at home.吉姆和杰克都不在家。
7.either ...or ...的用法
either ...or ... 用來連接兩個(gè)相同的句子成分,表示選擇關(guān)系,意為“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”。如:
You must come either on Monday or on Tuesday;I am too busy to see you my other days.你必須在周一或周二來,其他的日子我太忙不能見你。
注意:
either ...or ...連接的兩個(gè)并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)or后的名詞來確定單復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯(cuò),就是我錯(cuò)了。
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