形容詞表示事物性質在程度上分為三種形式:原級、比較級和最高級。
表示二者比較時用比較級,意思為“比……”,如:She is shorter than me.她比我矮。表示三者以上的比較時,用最高級,意思為“最……”,如:She is the shortest in our class.她是我班最矮的。
(一)形容詞比較級的構成
1.形容詞比較級和最高級構成規(guī)則變化表
續(xù)表
2.常見形容詞比較級和最高級不規(guī)則變化表
(二)形容詞的用法
1.形容詞的原級
形容詞的原級用于兩個人或事物的比較。
肯定句:A+動詞+as+形容詞原級+as+B,意思是“A和……B一樣”。
Clare is as tall as her mother.克萊爾和她母親一樣高。
Jenny's bag is as big as Andy's.簡妮的包和安迪的包一樣大。
This white blouse is as cheap as that yellow one.這件白襯衫和那件黃的一樣便宜。
否定句:A+動詞+not+as+形容詞原級+as+B或
A+動詞+not+so+形容詞原級+as+B 意思是“A不如B……”
Clare is not as (so)tall as her mother.克萊爾沒有她母親高。
The weather in Shanghai is not as (so)hot as the weather in Fujian.上海的天氣沒有福建熱。
This toy robot is not as (so)expensive as that toy panda.這個玩具機器人沒有那個玩具熊貓貴。
The food wasn't as delicious as yesterday.今天的飯菜沒有昨天的好吃。
2.形容詞的比較級
形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較。
結構為:形容詞比較級+than,意思是“比……更……”。
Tim is taller than his father.蒂姆比他的父親高。
The box is heavier tha n that one.這個盒子比那個重。
This story is more interesting than that one.這個故事比那個有趣多了。
形容詞比較級+and+形容詞比較級 意思是“……越來越……”。
It's getting hotter and hotter .天氣變得越來越熱了。
She runs faster and faster .她跑得越來越快了。
Tips:
1.比較級有時可以單獨使用
Who is taller?誰更高一點?
This shirt is more expensive.這件襯衫比較貴。
2.the more ...the more ...越……越……
The busier she is,the happier she feels.她越忙越高興。
The more books you read,the more knowledge you gain.你書讀得越多,獲得的知識就越多。
3.more不可修飾比較級,但可以用much來加強比較級,意為“……得多” “更……”。
She looks much taller than I.她看上去比我高得多。但我們不能說“She looks more taller than I.”
3.形容詞的最高級
(1)形容詞的最高級用于三個或三個以上人或事物的比較。形容詞最高級的前面通常要加定冠詞the,后面跟一個短語或從句來表示比較的范圍。
結構:the+形容詞最高級+of(in)表示“在……中最……”的意思
The Yangtzi River is the longest river in China.長江是中國最長的河。
Tom is the tallest boy of the three.湯姆在三個男孩子中最高。
Tom is the tallest boy in the class.湯姆是班上最高的男孩。
(in和of用于最高級結構中的區(qū)別:如主語和比較范圍一致,一般用of,后接數(shù)詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù);如主語屬于比較的一部分用in,in后一般是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。)
(2)有時在形容詞最高級前可以有序數(shù)詞以及much,almost,by far,等。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國第二長河。
(3)結構“one of+the+形容詞最高級+名詞”表示“ 最……之一”的意思。
London is one of the largest cities in the world.倫敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
(4)在作表語的形容詞最高級前,如果不是和別的人(事、物)進行比較,可以不加冠詞。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh.蔬菜新鮮的時候最好。
Tips:
1.表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如excellent非常好,perfect完美等,沒有最高級,也沒有比較級形式。
— What do you think of the lesson?你覺得這節(jié)課怎樣?
— Excellent!好極了!
Exercises
6.3 Think and write (寫出下列單詞的反義詞)
1.hot ____ 2.good ____ 3.wet ____
4.sad ____ 5.short ____ 6.big ____
7.light ____ 8.old ____ 9.cheap ____
10.hungry ____ 11.easy ____ 12.heavy ____
6.4 Read and write (寫出下列詞的比較級和最高級)
6.5 Read and completer (選擇括號內合適的內容完成句子)
1.These flowers are ____.(beautiful,more beautiful)
2.Jill is as ____ as her mother.(tall,taller,tallest)
3.Danny is ____ than Tom.(heavy,heavier,heaviest)
4.My mother got up ____ than me.(early,earlier,earliest)
5.Are apples ____ than pears?
(expensive,more expensive,most expensive)
6.This is ____ in our school.
(an old building,an older building,the oldest building)
7.It was ____ of the year.
(a cold day,a colder day,the coldest day)
8.My room isn't so ____ as yours.(big,bigger,biggest)