小升初必備語法：分詞的時態(tài)

　　1)與主語動詞同時，

　　Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。

　　Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。

　　典型例題

　　The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

　　A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing

　　答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生，且與主語為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　2)先于主動詞

　　While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。

　　分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。

　　Having finished his homework, he went out.

　　=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

　　做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。

　　典型例題

　　___ a reply, he decided to write again.

　　A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received

　　答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.