句子成分之補(bǔ)語

補(bǔ)語
補(bǔ)語的作用對(duì)象是主語和賓語,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語是起補(bǔ)充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。

主語補(bǔ)足語
它用在系動(dòng)詞后，是句子的一個(gè)基本成分。常用主－系－表結(jié)構(gòu)。
1.. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶？
-- Me. --我。 （me做主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.）

2.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was her. （her做主語補(bǔ)語） 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。

賓語補(bǔ)足語
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?br /> We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.

2.名詞
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.

3.形容詞
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty.

4.副詞
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.

5.現(xiàn)在分詞
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.

6.過去分詞
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.

主語補(bǔ)足語與賓語補(bǔ)足語的聯(lián)系
1、主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語補(bǔ)足語。
They caught the boy stealing. （stealing 作為賓語補(bǔ)足語） 轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài) The boy was caught stealing. （stealing轉(zhuǎn)化為主語補(bǔ)足語）

2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語補(bǔ)足語與主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語補(bǔ)足語是密切相關(guān)的。
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句（1）中的含義不是我看見他，而是我看見他正在打籃球。playing basketball是賓語him的補(bǔ)足語。所以叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。
句（2）中的含義也不是他被看，而是別人看見他正在打籃球。這里的playing basketball是主語he的補(bǔ)足語，故稱作主語補(bǔ)足語。主語和主語補(bǔ)足語一起稱作復(fù)合主語。所以含有主語補(bǔ)足語的句子一般是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，謂語動(dòng)詞是可以接復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）的及物動(dòng)詞。句首的主語就是主語補(bǔ)足語的邏輯主語。