2016年公共英語三級(jí)考試經(jīng)典語法講解之短語動(dòng)詞

　　短語動(dòng)詞

　　I. 要點(diǎn)

　　英語中有許多短語動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：

　　(1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞

　　常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：

　　Don't laugh at others.

　　I didn't care about it.

　　(2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞

　　常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

　　Please don't forget to hand it in.

　　(3) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

　　常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：

　　All his money added up to no more than $100.

　　After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

　　(4) 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

　　常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

　　We should make full use of our time.

　　(5) 動(dòng)詞+形容詞

　　常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

　　The prisoners were set free.

　　He cut it open.

　　(6) 動(dòng)詞+名詞

　　常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

　　This story took place three years ago.

　　I make friends with a lot of people.

　　(7)辨析

　　give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)

　　put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)

　　turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)

　　keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)

　　make up(編造，補(bǔ)上) 和 make out(辨認(rèn))

　　take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)

　　II. 例題

　　例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

　　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

　　解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

　　A touch B relation C connection D friendship

　　解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。外語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

　　例3 ____! There's a train coming.

　　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

　　解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。