2011年理工類職稱英語教材新增文章

完型填空新增文章（共3篇）
目錄：
第三篇(C級(jí))：What Is Coolest Gas in the Universr?
第十二篇(B級(jí))：Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
第十五篇(A級(jí))：Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
第三篇
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was-91℃，which （1） in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in （2 ）.
Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about+1200℃to-120℃.The temperature depends upon （3 ）you are in direct sunlight or shade.Obviously，-120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure.Thank NASA science for well-designed space （4 ）that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar （5 ）.Obviously，it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun.Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about-210℃.How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again，it depends upon your （6） .We are taught it is supposedly （7 ）to have a temperature below absolute zero，which is-273℃，at which atoms do not move.Two scientists，whose names are Cornell and Wieman，have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely （8） absolute zero.They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work-not a discovery，in this case2.
Why is the two scientists’ work so important to science?
In the 1920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting （9） about special light particles we now call photons.Bose had trouble （10 ）other scientists to believe his theory, （11 ）he contacted Albert Einstein.Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms （12） behave as Bose thought-but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that （13 ）atoms can help them make the world’s atomic clocks even more accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose3 one second （14 ）six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time4(d=v×t).With5 the long distances involved in space （15 ），we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.
詞匯：
Antarctica n.南極洲 photon n.光子
orbit n.軌道 theorize v.推理，使理論化
NASA 美國國家航空和航天管理局 velocity n.速度
Astronomer n.天文學(xué)家
Pluto n.冥王星
注釋：
1.our area：我們的這個(gè)區(qū)域。指的是太陽系中環(huán)地球的宇宙空間。
2.in this case：在這個(gè)案例中。諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)一般是授予創(chuàng)立某種重大理論或有著重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家。在這一案例中，兩位科學(xué)家不是由于有重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)而得獎(jiǎng)，而是由于成功地將氣體的溫度降到接近絕對(duì)零度而得獎(jiǎng)。
3.These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second…：這些鐘如此精確，……
才慢1秒鐘。they would only lose one second是結(jié)果狀語，they之前省略了連接詞that。
4.velocity times time：速度乘以時(shí)間。times是介詞，意為“乘以”。
5.With：由于
練習(xí)：
1.A opened B occurred C opposed D operated
2.A Earth B space C planet D star
3.A whether B where C what D when
4.A foods B beds C tools D suits
5.A wind B energy C system D rays
6.A education B status C knowledge D location
7.A reasonable B wonderful C impossible D necessary
8.A above B below C within D beyond
9.A invention B theory C paper D experiment
10.A convincing B begging C ordering D forcing
11.A and B though C but D so
12.A will B would C must D can
13.A ultra-small B ultra-fast C ultra-hot D ultra-cold
14.A any B each C every D some
15.A travel B research C walk D station
答案與題解：
1.B本段敘述地球上記錄到的最低溫度是-91℃，本段最后一句的后半句顯然是交代這一最低溫度是在南極洲出現(xiàn)的。所以，occurred(發(fā)生，出現(xiàn))是正確的選擇。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義與上下文的意思相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
2.B 通觀本段，內(nèi)容是敘述宇宙空間的溫度。選項(xiàng)B的space是“宇宙空間”的意思，所以是答案。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)Earth(地球)、planet(行星)、star(恒星)在詞義上都不合適。
3.A上下文的意思是：地球軌道上的溫度是介乎+120℃至-120℃之間。溫度的變化取決于是向陽還是背陽。whether是“是否"的意思，所以是本題的答案。
4.D上文說-120℃是宇航員無法忍受的溫度，下文說美國國家航空和航天管理局生產(chǎn)出某種裝置以protect astronauts from these temperature extremes(保護(hù)宇航員不受極端溫度的侵害)。很明顯，這一裝置就是“space suits”。
5.C現(xiàn)在討論的內(nèi)容是有關(guān)太陽系的宇宙空間的溫度。本段第二句就說到太陽對(duì)溫度的影響：靠近太陽的溫度高一些，遠(yuǎn)離太陽的溫度就低一些。所以，本題要選system。
6.D整個(gè)宇宙空間的溫度是多少度呢?溫度的高低取決于哪個(gè)因素呢?從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分析，溫度不會(huì)取決于你的education(教育)，你的status(地位)或你的knowledge(知識(shí))，因?yàn)檫@不合乎邏輯。只有選location(位置)才符合上下文的意思。
7.C科學(xué)常識(shí)告訴我們，絕對(duì)零度是宇宙中的最低溫度。impossible是答案。
8.A本段前面的句子說到最低溫度不會(huì)低于-273℃，所以，below、within、beyond都有悖于上述論述。只有above(高于)才與上文的意思相符。
9.B 本段第二句說，Bose沒有辦法使其他的科學(xué)家“believe his theory”，所以第一句的studying an interesting之后缺失的詞應(yīng)該是“theory”。
10.A Bose一籌莫展，只好求助于愛因斯坦，后者通過計(jì)算證實(shí)了Bose的理論。本題選convincing(說服)最恰當(dāng)。ordering(命令)或forcing(強(qiáng)迫)都不合邏輯。begging(懇求)也太低三下四了。
11.D本段的第二句的前半句與后半句是因果關(guān)系，連詞要選so。
12.B 本句的主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用的是過去時(shí)helped，根據(jù)“主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句一般也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)"這一時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則，本題要選would。
13.D Cornell and Wieman榮獲諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)，是因?yàn)樗麄兂晒Φ貙怏w的溫度降到接近絕對(duì)零度。本文最后兩段以實(shí)際例子說明他們的成就推動(dòng)了科學(xué)的發(fā)展。因 此，ultra-small，ultra-fast和ultra-hot都與Cornell and Wieman的研究無關(guān)聯(lián)，不會(huì)是答案。只有ultra-cold才是合乎邏輯的選擇
14.C 從句子“These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second six million Years !”推斷，原子鐘如此精確，每隔600萬年才慢1秒。“每隔”的英語用詞是every。
15.A 從地球飛向其他星球的宇宙航程很長，計(jì)時(shí)越精確，測算宇宙飛行器的即時(shí)距離就越精確。本段講的是精確計(jì)時(shí)對(duì)宇宙航行的重要性。所以，選travel是正確 的。本題不能選walk，因?yàn)閟pace walk是“太空行走”，指的是宇航員離開飛船在宇宙空間中活動(dòng)，與space travel是兩個(gè)不同的概念。