專八人文知識(shí)：聊天小忌諱

Speaking English is not only about using proper grammar. Touse English effectively, you need to understand the culture inwhich it is spoken. Here are a number of important tips toremember when speaking English in the United States.

說英語不僅僅要語法正確。想要有效的使用英語，你需要了解語言使用國(guó)的文化。如果你在美國(guó)說英語，那么下面這些注意事項(xiàng)是你應(yīng)該了解的。

General Points to Remember

你需要記住的是：

Most Americans only speak English: While it is true that more and more Americans speak Spanish,most Americans only speak English. Don't expect them to understand your native language.

大部分美國(guó)人只說英語：現(xiàn)在越來越多的美國(guó)人能說西班牙語是事實(shí)，但是大部分的美國(guó)人只說英語，所以別指望他們能聽懂你的母語。

Americans have difficulties understanding foreign accents: Many Americans are not used to foreignaccents. This requires patience from both of you!

美國(guó)人理解外國(guó)口音有困難：很多美國(guó)人不習(xí)慣外國(guó)口音，所以你們交談雙方都需要有耐心。

Conversation Tips

交談溝通秘籍

Speak about location: Americans love to talk about location. When speaking to a stranger, askthem where they are from and then make a connection with that place. For example: "Oh, I havea friend who studied in Los Angeles. He says it's a beautiful place to live." Most Americans will thenwillingly talk about their experiences living or visiting that particular city or area.

談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)：美國(guó)人喜歡談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)。和陌生人說話的時(shí)候，可以問問他們從哪里來然后找到自己跟那個(gè)地方的聯(lián)系。比如可以說：“啊，我有個(gè)朋友在洛杉磯學(xué)習(xí)，他說那地方很漂亮。”這時(shí)大部分美國(guó)人就會(huì)很愿意談起他們居住或者到過那個(gè)特殊的地方或地區(qū)的經(jīng)歷。

Talk about work: Americans commonly ask "What do you do?". It's not considered impolite (as insome countries) and is a popular topic of discussion between strangers.

談?wù)摴ぷ鳎好绹?guó)人通常會(huì)問“What do you do?”在某些國(guó)家會(huì)被認(rèn)為這是不禮貌的，但美國(guó)不是的，這只是陌生人之間聊天的一個(gè)流行話題。

Talk about sports: Americans love sports! However, they love American sports. When speakingabout football, most Americans understand "American Football", not soccer.

談?wù)撨\(yùn)動(dòng)：美國(guó)人超愛運(yùn)動(dòng)!不過，他們喜歡美國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。如果說到football，大部分美國(guó)人會(huì)理解成橄欖球而不是足球。

Be careful when expressing ideas about race, religion or other sensitive topics: The United States isa multi-cultural society. Especially in the last few years, Americans are trying very hard to besensitive to other cultures and ideas. Talking about sensitive topics like religion or beliefs, is oftenavoided in order to be sure not to offend someone of a different belief system. This is oftenreferred to as being "politically correct".

說到種族、宗教或者其他敏感話題要小心：美國(guó)是一個(gè)多文化的社會(huì)。特別是近幾年，美國(guó)人對(duì)其他文化和觀點(diǎn)非常特別的敏感。像宗教或者信仰之類的敏感話題通常都不會(huì)在談話中提及，以免冒犯別人。這就是經(jīng)常被提到的“政治正確”

Addressing People

稱呼

Use last names with people you do not know: Address people using their title (Mr, Ms, Dr) and theirlast names.

對(duì)不認(rèn)識(shí)的人要稱呼他們的姓：用他們的頭銜(先生、女士、博士等)加上他們的姓。

Always use "Ms" when addressing women: It is important to use "Ms" when addressing a woman.Only use "Mrs" when the woman has asked you to do so!

稱呼女性的時(shí)候通常用“Ms”：稱呼女性的時(shí)候用“Ms”，這很重要。如果對(duì)方要求你稱呼“Mrs” 那再照辦好了。

Many Americans prefer first names: Americans often prefer using first names, even when dealingwith people in very different positions. Americans will generally say, "Call me Tom." and then expectyou to remain on a first name basis.

很多人喜歡被叫名字：美國(guó)人通常喜歡用他們的名字，即使是和身份非常不同的人打交道。他們通常會(huì)說，“叫我Tom”，然后真的希望你用他們的名字來稱呼他們(不是客氣的哦)。

Americans prefer informal: In general, Americans prefer informal greetings and using first names ornicknames when speaking with colleagues and acquaintances.

美國(guó)人不拘小節(jié)：通常情況下，美國(guó)人喜歡非正式的問候，提到他們的同事或者使用名字或者熟人的時(shí)候喜歡用昵稱。

Public Behavior

注意公共場(chǎng)合的行為

Always shake hands: Americans shake hands when greeting each other. This is true for both menand women. Other forms of greeting such as kissing on the cheeks, etc., is generally notappreciated.

常握手：美國(guó)人相互致意的時(shí)候喜歡握手，這是男女通用的。其他的比如親吻臉頰之類的方式是非常不推薦的。

Look your partner in the eye: Americans look each other in the eyes when they are speaking as away of showing that they are sincere.

看對(duì)方的眼睛：美國(guó)人想要表達(dá)關(guān)注的時(shí)候會(huì)在說話的時(shí)候看著對(duì)方的眼睛。

Don't hold hands: Same sex friends do not usually hold hands or put their arms around each otherin public in the United States.

別拉手：在美國(guó)，同性朋友們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合不太會(huì)手拉手或者挽住對(duì)方的胳膊。

Smoking is Out!! Smoking, even in public places, is strongly disapproved of by most Americans inthe modern United States.

吸煙很老土!!在當(dāng)代的美國(guó)，吸煙，尤其是在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙，是非常不被大眾接受的行為。