美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班 001
A: 美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班開(kāi)班授課啦!
這是我們美國(guó)之音節(jié)目改版后的第一期美語(yǔ)教學(xué)節(jié)目! 我是王怡茹!
B: And I'm Donny.Starting today，我們把美國(guó)之音的精品教學(xué)節(jié)目集中起來(lái)播出，成立一個(gè)美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班，每堂課25分鐘，25 minutes! 讓你一次學(xué)個(gè)夠!
A: 哎？Donny, 你怎么能讓大家一次就學(xué)夠了呢？咱們節(jié)目這么精彩，人家肯定是聽(tīng)不夠才對(duì)啊!
B: 哈哈，對(duì)。看來(lái)我的中文還不夠好。
A: 你謙虛了。Your Chinese is better than my English!
B: 怡茹, 言歸正傳，我們今天教什么？
A: 那可多啦! 我們會(huì)帶大家去租房子，射箭，識(shí)別投資詐騙 , 還要告訴您怎么用英文稱(chēng)贊別人“真牛”。
B: Sounds like a lot! 大家能記得住么？
A: 呃...That's a good question. 這樣吧，咱們先學(xué)個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的，就花一分鐘，學(xué)一個(gè)詞!
Learn A Word: age limit
今天我們要學(xué)的詞是age limit, age is spelled a-g-e; limit is spelled l-i-m-i-t; age limit. Age limit 年齡限制。社交網(wǎng)站臉書(shū)網(wǎng)并不是任何人都能注冊(cè)帳戶(hù)的。Facebook enforces an age limit of 13 years or older to register an account. 臉書(shū)網(wǎng)規(guī)定，只有滿(mǎn)13歲的人才能注冊(cè)帳戶(hù)。Despite the efforts to enforce the age limit policy, many younger children still join the site by lying about their age. 盡管臉書(shū)網(wǎng)努力執(zhí)行年限規(guī)定，但很多不滿(mǎn)13歲的孩子還是謊報(bào)年齡，蒙混過(guò)關(guān)。Facebook removes about 20,000 users daily who are below the age limit. 臉書(shū)網(wǎng)每天取消大約兩萬(wàn)個(gè)年齡低于最低年限的帳戶(hù)。好的，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的詞是 age limit, age limit, age limit.
B: So怡茹, do you remember the word from 學(xué)個(gè)詞兒？
A: 那當(dāng)然了!剛聽(tīng)完嘛! age limit年齡限制.
B: That's right! Next, we're going to learn an expression that describes a situation everyone could face, regardless of age.
A: 哦？你是說(shuō)我們下面要學(xué)的這個(gè)詞可以形容任何年紀(jì)的人都會(huì)遇到的一種情況？I'm getting curious.
B: 讓我們收聽(tīng)“美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)”
現(xiàn)在播送美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)第 932講。我是曉北。
我是 Douglas Johnson.
我的小表妹大學(xué)畢業(yè)，正在實(shí)習(xí)。她是學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)的，本以為學(xué)校里學(xué)到的東西足以能讓自己勝任實(shí)習(xí)的工作。沒(méi)想到，第一天下來(lái)就累得直哭! 還說(shuō)第二天要去辭職。當(dāng)然，她最終還是堅(jiān)持下來(lái)，圓滿(mǎn)完成了兩個(gè)月的實(shí)習(xí)。她的這個(gè)經(jīng)歷，讓我想到一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):
Baptism by fire. Baptism is spelled b-a-p-t-i-s-m, fire; f-i-r-e. Baptism by fire.
baptism是受洗儀式，fire則是火，所以，baptism by fire就是火的洗禮，一般指剛做某事時(shí)受到的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。我表妹本來(lái)沒(méi)覺(jué)得實(shí)習(xí)的工作會(huì)有多難，誰(shuí)知，It proved to be much more demanding than she anticipated. That was her baptism by fire. 工作比她想像的難得多，她一上來(lái)就受到了嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。
我表妹只是在會(huì)計(jì)師行當(dāng)個(gè)小實(shí)習(xí)生，已經(jīng)有點(diǎn)吃不消。其實(shí)和下面這段話(huà)中的見(jiàn)習(xí)醫(yī)生相比，她的工作已經(jīng)輕松許多了，我們來(lái)聽(tīng)一聽(tīng):
"After I graduated medical school, I worked as an intern in an emergency room. Nothing I'd learned in school prepared me. Every day I confronted a constant series of challenges that tested everything I'd ever studied. The little sleep I had to function on also contributed to this being the greatest test of my life. What a BAPTISM BY FIRE!"
這段話(huà)是說(shuō): 從醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)后，我在急診室做見(jiàn)習(xí)醫(yī)生。在學(xué)校所學(xué)的一切都無(wú)法讓我輕松勝任這個(gè)工作。每天我都會(huì)遇到一個(gè)接一個(gè)的挑戰(zhàn)，檢驗(yàn)我在學(xué)校所學(xué)的全部知識(shí)。而且我每天只能睡一小會(huì)兒覺(jué)。這一切使實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生的歲月成為我人生中最嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。真是火的洗禮啊!
我的一個(gè)朋友，在父親過(guò)世后被迫接下了家里開(kāi)的買(mǎi)賣(mài)。她完全沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，公司的雇員也不熟悉她的做事風(fēng)格，It was a baptism by fire not only for her, but also the employees. 結(jié)果雙方都經(jīng)歷了痛苦的磨合，最終，我的朋友還是缺乏領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力，公司解散了。 好了，我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)剛才那段話(huà):
"After I graduated medical school, I worked as an intern in an emergency room. Nothing I'd learned in school prepared me. Every day I confronted a constant series of challenges that tested everything I'd ever studied. The little sleep I had to function on also contributed to this being the greatest test of my life. What a BAPTISM BY FIRE!"
剛才說(shuō)到我朋友接過(guò)家族生意后，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不來(lái)，最終生意失敗。經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)企業(yè)尚且這么難，那如果是管理一個(gè)國(guó)家呢？咱們來(lái)聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)下面這段話(huà):
"One of the most respected U.S. presidents was Franklin D. Roosevelt. When he died abruptly, Vice-President Harry Truman had to assume responsibility for ending World War II. That meant making one of the hardest decisions in U.S. history - to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. It was a BAPTISM BY FIRE."
這段話(huà)意思是: 美國(guó)最受人愛(ài)戴的總統(tǒng)之一是福蘭克林.羅斯福。羅斯福突然去世后，當(dāng)時(shí)的副總統(tǒng)杜魯門(mén)臨危受命，他必須做完羅斯福未竟的工作，那就是結(jié)束第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。這意味著他要作出美國(guó)歷史上最艱難的決定 - 向日本投下原子彈。這真是個(gè)萬(wàn)般艱巨的考驗(yàn)。
在1963年，另外一位副總統(tǒng)也面臨了baptism by fire, 他就是約翰遜總統(tǒng)。在肯尼迪總統(tǒng)遇刺身亡后，約翰遜要讓美國(guó)走出悲痛，要指揮在越南的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，還要實(shí)現(xiàn)一系列社會(huì)改革目標(biāo)。這對(duì)他來(lái)講，可以說(shuō)是極大的考驗(yàn)。好，我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)剛才那段話(huà):
"One of the most respected U.S. presidents was Franklin D. Roosevelt. When he died abruptly, Vice-President Harry Truman had to assume responsibility for ending World War II. That meant making one of the hardest decisions in U.S. history - to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. It was a BAPTISM BY FIRE."
今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)是baptism by fire，意思是“痛苦的磨合，初期的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)”。好的，這次美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)就到此結(jié)束，我是曉北，我是 Douglas Johnson。
This has been Words and Idioms.
A: Baptism by fire， 火的洗禮，嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。
B: So,怡茹, have you had any experiences that can be described as baptism by fire?
A: 當(dāng)然了! 唉，回想我坎坷的人生啊，拍成電視劇都不過(guò)份...
B: 你吹牛呢吧？
A: 哈哈，你中文不錯(cuò)啊，還會(huì)說(shuō)"吹牛"呢! 那我考考你，把“吹”字去掉，就說(shuō)“牛”，美語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)？
B: 牛？不就是...
A: 別跟我說(shuō)是cow啊!還是聽(tīng)聽(tīng)下面的“美語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)”吧!
How to say it: awesome
Donny 在北京學(xué)漢語(yǔ)，他的中國(guó)朋友要是遇到了不知道用美語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)的詞，就會(huì)來(lái)請(qǐng)教他。今天是方方要問(wèn)的: 牛。
Donny: FF, I heard you went to a ballroom dance competition yesterday. How did it go?
FF: 我進(jìn)決賽啦! 怎么樣，牛吧？
Donny: 牛？ a cow?
FF: 不是，“牛”就是特別厲害，very good!
Donny: I got it. In English, we use the word "awesome", a-w-e-s-o-m-e, awesome.
FF: 哦，awesome就是說(shuō)特牛。
Donny: You can also use the word "ballin". b-a-l-l-i-n, ballin. It also means "cool or very good".
FF: 哦，Ballin 也是“很牛”的意思。Donny, 那天的跳舞比賽上還真有不少高手。在這種情況下，我可以跟他們說(shuō)，You're awesome! 或者 You're ballin! 對(duì)么？
Donny: That's right. You can also say "you rule" or "you rock!"
FF: rule, r-u-l-e, rule; rock, r-o-c-k, rock, 這兩個(gè)詞也可以形容某人或某事很牛，不過(guò)它們都是動(dòng)詞，對(duì)不對(duì)？
Donny: Exactly! For example, 如果你看了一場(chǎng)特別牛的演唱會(huì)，you can say "it rocks!" or "it rules!"
FF: 明白了。不過(guò)那天也有一些人在比賽前一副不可一世的樣子，可真跳起來(lái)，也不怎么樣，真不知道他們有什么好牛的！對(duì)了，形容這些人，也用 awesome 或是 ballin 么？
Donny: No! You can use "cocky" c-o-c-k-y, cocky， to describe these kind of people.
FF: 哦，說(shuō)一個(gè)人牛氣哄哄的，就是cocky.
Donny: Now, FF, If you can tell me what you've learned today, I'd say your English 很牛!
FF: 好！第一，說(shuō)人或事很牛，用形容詞 awesome 或 ballin；
第二，說(shuō)人或事很牛，還可以用動(dòng)詞 rule 或者 rock；
第三，形容某人傲慢，牛氣哄哄，可以用 cocky!
這次的美語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō) 就到這里。
A: Yeah! Awesome! You rock!
B: 你也很牛...!對(duì)了，你開(kāi)始時(shí)不是說(shuō)帶大家去租房子嘛？
A: 馬上就去啊!
Renting: Beginner
大家好！今天我們?yōu)槟コ?ldquo;美語(yǔ)三級(jí)跳”節(jié)目“找房”單元的初級(jí)課程。
Winnie: Jeff is at an apartment building. He's meeting the landlord to ask about renting an apartment.
Professor Bowman, landlord 這個(gè)詞由是 land - 土地，和 lord - 主人組成的，應(yīng)該就是房主的意思吧？
Professor: That's right, Winnie. Now listen for the word "vacancy," which means "open" or "available."
Jeff: Hello, do you have any vacancies?
Landlord: Yes, something just opened up.
Jeff: What kind of apartment is it?
Landlord: It's a one-bedroom, one-bathroom apartment.
Winnie: 我知道，"vacancy, v-a-c-a-n-c-y, vacancy"就是指等待出租的空房。
Professor: Exactly. "Vacant" means "empty."
Winnie: 哦，vacant是vacancy的形容詞，意思是“空的”?，F(xiàn)在Jeff 就是要找a vacant apartment. 房主說(shuō)有一個(gè)一室一衛(wèi)的公寓，聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，可是不知道租金貴不貴。
Professor: Let's listen and find out.
Jeff: How much is the rent?
Landlord: The rent is $1500 per month.
Jeff: And how much is the deposit?
Landlord: The deposit is $500.
Winnie: 一個(gè)一居室的公寓每月要 1500 美元？夠貴的！而且，為什么Jeff 還要交一筆deposit“押金”呢？
Professor: Well, if Jeff breaks something in the apartment, the landlord uses the deposit money to fix it. In addition, he may have to pay utilities too. Let's listen.
Jeff: Are utilities included in the rent?
Landlord: Gas and water are included.
Jeff: Do I have to pay for electricity myself?
Landlord: Yes, electricity is not included in the rent.
Winnie: 哦，看來(lái)Jeff 要自己負(fù)擔(dān)一部分utilities, u-t-i-l-i-t-i-e-s, - “水電雜費(fèi)”，因?yàn)榉恐髡f(shuō)，房租里包括煤氣費(fèi)和水費(fèi)，但是電費(fèi)要單付。
Professor: Winnie, if the landlord says "all utilities are included," then the cost of gas, water and electricity will all be included in the rent. Remember, you don't have to say "gas utility" or "water utility." You can just say "gas" or "water."
Jeff: Hmmm ... This apartment seems a little expensive. Do you have any cheap studios?
Landlord: Actually, the one-bedroom is the only vacant apartment right now.
Jeff: Do you think any studios will open up soon?
Landlord: No, not for a few months.
Winnie: A "studio"? 我知道 Jeff 想找個(gè)便宜點(diǎn)的地方，可租這種臥室、起居室合二為一的單間小公寓，把女孩子帶回家多沒(méi)面子！
Professor: I don't know. You wouldn't date a guy living in a studio?
Winnie: 找個(gè)租studio的男朋友？那也沒(méi)什么不行，但他起碼得有輛特別 cool 的車(chē)！我們還是言歸正傳，看看Jeff 租沒(méi)租那間公寓吧。
Jeff: When can I see the one-bedroom apartment?
Landlord: There's an open house this weekend.
Jeff: What time does the open house start?
Landlord: It starts at 11AM in the morning.
Professor Bowman, 什么叫open house?
Professor: Winnie, an "open house" is when the landlord opens the apartment and anybody can just walk in and take a look.
Winnie: Open house這段時(shí)間里什么人都可以隨便來(lái)看。那要不是open house，就得和房主約時(shí)間嘍？這個(gè)房主也真懶，讓人家看一眼不就得了。
Professor: I agree. Maybe Jeff should rent a different apartment because this landlord is not very good. Now Jeff is going to ask how long the lease is.
Jeff: What kind of lease is it?
Landlord: It's a one-year lease.
Jeff: Can I have a month-to-month lease? I only want to rent the apartment for five months.
Landlord: No, all the leases are for one year. We don't have month-to-month leases.
Jeff: Well then I don't think this would be a good apartment for me. Thank you anyway.
Landlord: You're welcome.
Winnie: 唉，看來(lái)是不行了。Jeff只想租5個(gè)月，可房主非要簽一年的租約。這可怎么辦？
Professor: Well, I guess Jeff's friend Sarah will have to help him look for another apartment. Tune in next time to see what happens!
A: 怎么樣，我們這個(gè)美語(yǔ)三級(jí)跳節(jié)目非常實(shí)用吧？我學(xué)了Vacancy, utilities, open house還有好多有用的詞!
B: 沒(méi)錯(cuò)! Now let's move from an apartment building to an office.
A:對(duì)，Office, 上班和同事們交流時(shí)用的英語(yǔ)，這也非常實(shí)用!咱們來(lái)收聽(tīng)禮節(jié)美語(yǔ)。
禮節(jié)美語(yǔ) - PONZI SCHEME I
Ken早上在飲水器旁見(jiàn)到同事 Dan 和 April.
K: Good morning, Dan. Good morning, April.
D&A: Hi, Ken. Good morning.
K: So...have you heard the big news?
A: No! Tell us!
K: Well, you know Jason Smith?
D: You mean our company's Chief Financial Officer?
That Jason Smith?
K: Yep...that's the one. He got arrested yesterday.
A: No way! What for?
Ken問(wèn)同事 Dan和April，Have you heard the big news? 你們聽(tīng)沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)公司里的大新聞。原來(lái)是公司財(cái)務(wù)總裁 Jason Smith 被抓起來(lái)了。April 覺(jué)得難以置信，說(shuō) No way! 不可能！what for? 因?yàn)槭裁矗?br />
K: Seems our Mr. Smith was running a Ponzi scheme.
D: Sorry...I'm not familiar with that term. What's a Ponzi scheme?
A: Basically...it's fraud.
K: But a very special kind of fraud.
A: See, what they do is offer investors a very high rate of return on their money. Then the schemer takes some of the money and pays some of the original investors a large dividend.
原來(lái)，Jason Smith 是因?yàn)樯嫦訁⑴c龐式騙局才被抓起來(lái)的。龐式騙局是 Ponzi Scheme. Dan 不知道什么是龐式騙局。Ken 和 April 解釋說(shuō)，Ponzi scheme 是一種特殊形式的詐騙，fraud，用高回報(bào)率 a high rate of return 來(lái)吸引投資者，把從他們那里騙來(lái)的一部分錢(qián)做為紅利 dividend，分給最開(kāi)始的那些投資者。
K: So of course the original investors think they've struck gold and they tell their friends about this great opportunity.
A: The friends pile their money in too and a few of them see big returns as well. Pretty soon, loads of people are "investing" their money with the bad guy and when he has enough...poof...he disappears.
這樣一來(lái)，最早的一批投資者會(huì)覺(jué)得自己找到了金礦，they've struck gold, 馬上介紹自己的親戚朋友也來(lái)加入。這樣越滾越大，等騙到了足夠的錢(qián)以后，龐式騙局的謀劃者就帶著錢(qián)不知去向了。
A: The name comes from an Italian immigrant to America called Charles Ponzi. He was one of the biggest frauds in American history and ended up swindling thousands of people out of millions of dollars.
D: So Jason Smith was running a scheme like that?
K: Pretty much. He cooked his books so he wouldn't get noticed, but these kinds of frauds almost always end up getting exposed because when no new money comes in...the pyramid collapses.
龐式騙局是以一個(gè)意大利移民 Charles Ponzi 的名字命名的。他是美國(guó)歷史上最大的騙子之一。Swindle 是欺騙的意思。公司財(cái)務(wù)主管Jason Smith造了假賬 cook the books，但最后還是被抓住了。Closing
A: 天啊，Ponzi scheme， 龐式詐騙，真可恨!
B: So what would you do if your money got swindled through a Ponzi scheme?
A: 敢詐騙我的錢(qián)？我拿箭射他!
B: 你以為你是射雕英雄傳嘛？!
A: 哼，我現(xiàn)在就去學(xué)射箭!
American Sports English: Archery
Y: Hi, this is Yang Chen.
P: And I’m Patrick.
(Sound of arrow flying through the air and "plunking" into target)
Y: 今天我要學(xué)射箭archery。
P: Archery is the practice of using a bow to shoot arrows. It's also an Olympic sport. Say, Yang Chen, do you have your bow and arrows ready?
Y: Yes, I do, Patrick. Here is my bow，我的弓； And here are my arrows，我的箭。Patrick，你看我這樣拿著弓箭，象不像Robin Hood俠盜羅賓漢!
P: Wow, you look exactly like Robin Hood! Are you ready to take aim and shoot, Miss Robin?
Y: I sure am. 可是那個(gè)target目標(biāo)好像太遠(yuǎn)了，能不能讓我靠近點(diǎn)兒, Patrick.
P: The target in Olympic archery is 30 to 90 meters away. You are trying to shoot the arrow as close to the center of the target as possible.You can shoot three arrows.
Y: 我可以射三支箭。
P: And you have 40 seconds to shoot each arrow.
Y: 射一支箭的時(shí)間是40秒。Okay, here is my first shot! (Sound of pulling back bow, shooting arrow)
P: Hmm, Uh, well, It was a good try, Yang Chen.
Try again, Yang Chen. Maybe this time you can hit the bull's eye.
Y: The “bull's eye”不是牛眼睛，是靶心的意思。 I'll try again, Patrick. Maybe I'll get lucky. 這次一定射中 bull's eye。
P: Okay, Yang Chen, you can do it! (Shooting sound again)
Y: Yea! I did it! I did it! I hit the Bull's eye! 正中靶心！
P: No, Yang Chen....you didn't even hit the target. You're way off
Y: Oh, no! Let me try again.
P: Oh, Yang Chen, I think you killed a bird.
B: Wow, I can't believe it's almost been 25 minutes! We're getting to the end of the show!
A: 是啊，希望大家這節(jié)課有所收獲。
B: So 怡茹, what's the word for 年齡限制again?
A: 哈哈哈，啊，age limit!
B: Bingo!
A: 好了，今天的節(jié)目就到這里。節(jié)目的撰稿人是曉北，編輯是蔚然。同學(xué)們，我們下次的美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班再見(jiàn)嘍!
B: Bye!
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