《時(shí)代經(jīng)典用詞》科技篇 醫(yī)學(xué)
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AIDS
艾滋病
When Magic announced to the world on Nov,7,1991,that he had contracted the AIDS virus,
當(dāng)魔術(shù)師約翰遜在1991年11月7日向全世界宣布他感染了艾滋病毒的時(shí)候，
it seemed to many that he was pronouncing his own death sentence.
許多人覺得他像是在宣布自己的死刑。
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
根據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制中心的說(shuō)法
a basketball player's chance of contracting AIDS from incidental touching is 1 in 85 million.
籃球隊(duì)員在意外接觸中感染到艾滋病的機(jī)會(huì)率是8500萬(wàn)分之一。
Alzheimer's disease
阿茲海默癥
Likewise,anti-inflammatory drugs used to allay diseases caused by out-of-control immune systems
同樣的，那些用來(lái)減輕因免疫系統(tǒng)失控所引發(fā)的疾病
such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
例如風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎及紅斑狼瘡的消炎藥物，
may be able to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
可能也可以用來(lái)減緩阿茲海默癥的發(fā)病過(guò)程。
amniocentesis
羊膜穿剌術(shù)
Researchers now believe that
研究人員現(xiàn)在相信
blood tests to detect fetuses with Down syndrome are useful alternatives to amniocentesis,which increases the risk of miscarriage.
利用血液測(cè)試來(lái)偵測(cè)胎兒是否罹患唐氏綜合癥較利用羊膜穿剌來(lái)得好，因?yàn)楹笳邥?huì)增加流產(chǎn)的危險(xiǎn)。
A ware of the risk
了解到這危險(xiǎn)性
both mothers chose to have amniocentesis after becoming pregnant again last fall
所以在去年秋天再度懷孕之后，兩位母親都選擇采用羊膜穿剌來(lái)檢查，
The test results showed that neither fetus was producing ADA and that the babies would have SCID
結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)胎兒都沒有產(chǎn)生ADA，因此這兩個(gè)胎兒會(huì)罹患聯(lián)合免疫缺陷綜合癥。
amphetamine
苯異丙胺
He was kept alive by a cocktail of medicine every day,
他每天靠著一大堆藥物來(lái)維持活力
along with cortisone implants in his thighs and feel-good amphetamine injections
另外在他的大腿內(nèi)側(cè)植入可的松，同時(shí)還注射苯異丙胺讓了感覺舒服些。
Kennedy's secret sexual encounters with dozens of women are now well known.
肯尼迪與多名女性的暗中性接觸現(xiàn)在則是廣為人知。
In Atlanta,police observed 100 teenagers and young adults at a rave party in an abandoned house and their rich assortment of hooch
在亞特蘭大，警方于一處廢棄的屋子里，查到100名正舉行狂歡活動(dòng)的青少年，以及各式各樣的毒品
pot uppers downers,heroin,cocaine and Ecstasy,a powerful amphetamine.
包括大麻、興奮劑、鎮(zhèn)靜劑、海洛因、古柯鹼，以及名叫“靈魂出竅”的強(qiáng)性苯異丙胺。
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥
A victim of Lou Gehrig's disease
霍金是Lou Gehrig氏癥患者
Hawking can move only some facial muscles and one finger on his left hand
只能移動(dòng)部分的臉部肌肉以及左手的一根手指
which he uses to pick out words on a computer touch-screen attached to his motorized wheelchair.
利用這只手指，他從安裝在他電動(dòng)輪椅的電腦觸摸式熒幕上選取單詞。
Researchers announced that they have identified a defective gene that appears to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
研究人員宣布，他們已辨識(shí)出一個(gè)似乎是肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥啟因的有缺損基因
better known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
此病癥有一個(gè)更廣為人知的名字叫Lou Gehrig氏癥
About 30000 Americans suffer from the disorder,which causes degeneration of the nerves that carry signals to muscles.
美國(guó)約有3萬(wàn)人患有此種病癥，患者體內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)將信息傳到肌肉的神經(jīng)揭示退化現(xiàn)象。
anorexia nervosa & bulimia
神經(jīng)性厭食與貪食癥
CRH may be the master molecule of more than just depression.
CRH可能不只是與憂郁癥有關(guān)的主要分子。
This stress-related substance is also elevated in people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorders and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.
這個(gè)與人類壓力有關(guān)的物質(zhì)，在某些罹患偏執(zhí)性與沖動(dòng)性心理疾病及一些攝食疾病像厭食癥及貪食癥患者身上也會(huì)增加。
She checked in and out of sanitariums.
她常常進(jìn)出療養(yǎng)院。
Doctors tried to minister to her hysteria,depression,anorexia,insomnia,wildly alternating moods,lacerating rages,trances,fugue states,terrible confusions.
醫(yī)師想要治療她的歇斯底里、憂郁癥、厭食癥、失眠癥、情緒極度變化、破壞性的憤怒、精神恍惚、神游癥、意識(shí)混淆等病癥。
antibiotic
抗菌素
A bacterial infection that can cause skin lesions,fever and even death without prompt antibiotic treatment has been traced to cats.
有一種細(xì)菌感染，如果不盡快用抗菌素治療，會(huì)造成皮膚傷害、發(fā)燒、甚至死亡。
About 25% of felines in a San Francisco study carried the R.henselae bacterium.
現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)與貓有關(guān)。根據(jù)在舊金山的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，25%的貓身上帶有R.henselae菌。
The new strategy involves implanting into the gums antibiotics or other germ killers so that they can attack bacteria in the pockets where they fester.
新的方式是在牙齦內(nèi)植入抗菌素或其他能殺死細(xì)菌的藥物，這些藥物可以在產(chǎn)生潰爛的地方殺死細(xì)菌。
Standard antibiotic pills,which some specialists have relied on,needlessly expose the entire body to a powerful drug and have not always proved effective.
至于部分專家所依賴的一般抗菌素藥丸，讓人體全身都受到強(qiáng)烈藥性的侵入，既沒有必要又不一定有效。
artificial insemination
人工授精
Men with extremely low sperm counts can be helped toward fatherhood by artificial insemination,
精子稀少的男子，可以通過(guò)人工授精的方式成為人父，
which puts what sperm they have directly into the cervix,or by microinjection,which puts a single sperm right into the egg.
其方式就是將精子直接放入子宮頸，或以微注射方式將單一精子放入卵子中。
The Giffords have filed a libel suit against the National Enquirer over a story suggesting that Kathie Lee was impregnated by an artificial insemination technique intended to produce a baby girl.
《國(guó)家軼聞周刊》中有一則報(bào)道，暗示卡希·李為了生個(gè)女兒，以人工授精的方式受孕，吉弗氏家族已就此指揮該雜志毀謗。
asthma
哮喘病
Regular use of some asthmatic drugs,such as salbutamol,can be counter-productive,making asthma sufferers more,rather than less,susceptible to allergens.
固定使用一些平喘的藥物，像salbutamol，可能會(huì)有副作用，不但不能減輕，反而使哮喘病病人更容易受到致過(guò)敏物的影響。
He suffered greatly.
他承受很大的痛苦。
The soles of his feet were beaten.He developed asthma.The isolation drove his mind inward,where he joined what he calls "a unique fellowship ofendurance."
他的腳底板被毆打，還得了哮喘。而隔離使得他的內(nèi)心封閉，在心靈深處他加入了他所謂的“以堅(jiān)忍不拔為信仰的團(tuán)體”。
Yet the facts suggest that he sometimes acted like an overly enthusiastic YMCA director.
但是事實(shí)指出，他有時(shí)候卻像個(gè)過(guò)度狂熱的YMCA領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
AZT
疊氮胸甙
AZT's value in fighting AIDS has come under new doubt.
AZT在抵御艾滋病上的價(jià)值再度受到懷疑。
Researchers have found that the drug often makes HIV-infected patients so sick from nausea and fatigue as to outweigh its slight ability to delay the onset of AIDS.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種藥物使得感染HIV的患者極度反胃及疲倦，這種副作用比起它只能稍稍延緩AIDS發(fā)病時(shí)間這項(xiàng)功能，更為嚴(yán)重。
People infected with HIV,the AIDS virus,may not show overt symptoms for years.
感染艾滋病毒HIV的人可能會(huì)有幾年的時(shí)間都沒有明顯的癥狀出現(xiàn)。
Even so,they are often given AZT,a drug believed to lengthen the lives of those with full-blown AIDS.
盡管如此，他們往往還是會(huì)接受AZT治療，一般相信這種藥物可以延長(zhǎng)艾滋病發(fā)病者的生命。
Several studies have shown that AZT can delay the onset of symptoms,thought it doesn't prevent or cure the disease.
多項(xiàng)研究顯示，這種藥物并不能預(yù)防及治療艾滋病，但是可以延緩病征出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間。
beta-blocker
乙型阻滯劑
Such was the case with "beta-blocker blues," a syndrome of fatigue and mild depression sometimes associated with regular use of a popular category of heart drugs called beta blocker.
像“乙型阻滯劑憂郁癥”就是個(gè)例子，這是因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)期服用一種廣受歡迎、被稱為乙型阻滯劑的心臟病藥物所可能引起的疲倦及輕微憂郁的癥狀。
The syndrome went undetected in clinical trials.
在臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)并未發(fā)現(xiàn)這些并發(fā)癥。
bone-marrow transplant
骨髓移植
"The chance of that bone-marrow transplant taking and working in a human is zero,"
“那宗骨髓移植能成功而且在人體內(nèi)發(fā)揮功用的機(jī)率幾乎是零。”
says Ronald Desrosiers,professor of microbiology at Harvard Medical School.
哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的微生物學(xué)教授羅納德·迪斯羅西爾斯說(shuō)。
Current techniques,he believes,are simply not yet refined enough for it to work.
他認(rèn)為，目前的技術(shù)還無(wú)法完成移植的工作。
But they could be soon.
但在不久之后可能就可以了。
brain death
腦死
Raising fearsing fears of more Middle East-related violence in the U.S.,
有一事件讓民眾恐懼美國(guó)境內(nèi)會(huì)發(fā)生更多與中東有關(guān)的暴力事件。
a gunman in a trailing car opened fire on a van carrying young Hasidic Jews across New York City's Brooklyn Bridge,
躲在拖車?yán)锏囊幻麡屖謱?duì)一輛箱型車開槍，車上載著哈西迪末日教派的猶太青年，正在通過(guò)紐約的布魯克林橋。
wounding four of the riders,two critically.
結(jié)果4人受傷，其中2人傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重。
Tafero,officials insisted,was brain-dead after the first schock of electricity and felt no pain.
官員堅(jiān)稱塔費(fèi)羅在第一道電擊后就已腦死，完全沒有受罪。
bubonic plague
淋巴腺鼠疫
The most determined fighters in the camps are the medical commandos of the International Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders,
營(yíng)里掃滅疾病最不屈不撓的戰(zhàn)士，是國(guó)際紅十字會(huì)和無(wú)國(guó)界醫(yī)生這兩個(gè)組織的醫(yī)療特遣隊(duì)；
They are fighting the spread of one killer after another:cholera,dysentery,measles,even,some U.N.workers fear,bubonic plague.
他們正在遏止一個(gè)接一個(gè)蔓延開來(lái)的致使疾病，包括霍亂、痢疾、麻疹，甚至某些聯(lián)合國(guó)工作人員還擔(dān)心會(huì)有淋巴腺鼠疫。
Not since the bubonic plague has the world encountered anything like the AIDS virus,which has infected at least 10 million people.
自淋巴腺鼠疫之后，人類還未碰過(guò)像艾滋病毒這樣的疾病，目前至少已有1000萬(wàn)人感染了艾滋病毒。
cholesterol
膽固醇
Doctors have found evidence the gene,
醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)找到一些證據(jù)，
therapy could help people who are suffering from extremely high levels of cholesterol in their blood.
指出基因治療可以用來(lái)幫助血液中膽固醇過(guò)高的病患者。
CPR
心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)
A simple medical device that looks like a plunger may be more effective than the traditional hand-pressing technique used in CPR to save heart-attack victims.
有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的醫(yī)療儀器，看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像橡膠吸盤，這個(gè)儀器可能比傳統(tǒng)上用來(lái)急救心臟病突發(fā)患者的人工心肺復(fù)蘇器更有效果。
The small suction pump compresses and expands the patient's chest more vigorously,reduces the risk of broken ribs and allows more blood to flow through the body.
這個(gè)小小的吸盤泵會(huì)以更猛烈的方式來(lái)壓縮及擴(kuò)張患者的胸部，減少肋骨繼裂的危險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)讓更多血液流經(jīng)身體。
More than 8000 people showed up recently for a free course in cardiopulmonary resuscitation,or CPR,
超過(guò)8000位民眾最近去參加一項(xiàng)免費(fèi)的心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)急救課程，
and requests for poolfencing estimates have tripled.
同時(shí)要求為游泳池加裝護(hù)欄的工程估價(jià)已增加了兩倍。
dengue fever
登革熱
Irrigation ditches and piles of discarded tires are ideal nesting spots for the Aedes aegypti mosquito,carrier of dengue and yellow fevers;
灌溉溝渠和成堆擺放的廢棄輪胎，是登革熱、黃熱病的病媒蚊——埃及斑蚊——滋生的溫床；
imported used tires have already brought the Asian tiger mosquito,also a carrier of dengue,into the U.S.
二手輪胎的進(jìn)口則將亞洲虎蚊引入美國(guó)，也是登革熱的病媒蚊。
During the war,Sabin's vaccines protected thousands of U.S.troops against such diseases as dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis
大戰(zhàn)期間，沙賓疫苗使數(shù)以千計(jì)的美國(guó)士兵得以免于登革熱、日本腦炎等疾病的侵襲。
dialysis
透析
The U.S.spends $7 billion a year on dialysis treatments,yet kidneyfailure patiens frequently either die before they stabilize or live in misery,a new report concludes.
一項(xiàng)新的報(bào)告指出，盡管美國(guó)一年花掉70億美金在透析治療，但是這些腎功能失常的病患者不是在病況穩(wěn)定前就死亡，就是生活在悲慘當(dāng)中。
Patients do better when they are diagnosed early and have longer dialysis sessions.
早期發(fā)現(xiàn)并施以長(zhǎng)期透析治療的病患者則情況較好。
Ebola
埃博拉病毒
When viruses or bacteria have made the jump from animals to humans in the past,they have often proved exceedingly virulent;
根據(jù)以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，當(dāng)病毒或細(xì)菌跨越人畜屏障而由動(dòng)物轉(zhuǎn)移到人體體內(nèi)時(shí)，通常都會(huì)帶來(lái)極度的危害；
HIV,which causes AIDS;Ebola virus;and hantavirus are all chilling precedents.
譬如造成艾滋病的HIV病毒；埃博拉病毒；病毒性流感等都是令人想到就膽寒的先例。
electroencephalogram
腦電圖
Violent youths frequently have neurological problems and learning disorders,
有暴力行為的年輕人通常都有神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的問(wèn)題以及語(yǔ)音障礙，
many of which result from brain injuries inflicted in beatings by parents and others.
其中許多是因?yàn)槭苓^(guò)父母及其他人的毆打而造成腦部傷害。
Some suffer from paranoia and hallucinations,and others experience seizures.
有些會(huì)患癲狂及妄想癥，有些會(huì)發(fā)生癲癇。
Some of the most violent children tend to have grossly abnormal electroencephalograms.
某些最暴力的小孩，經(jīng)腦電圖檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)其腦波活動(dòng)非常不正常。
When electroencephalogram are used to test for heart disease,women more often show some abnormalities.
做心電圖檢查心臟疾病時(shí)，婦女較經(jīng)常顯示出有不正常的情況。
euthanasia
安樂死
Many physicians also fear that making the practice legal will lead to ill-considered decisions to terminate life.
許多醫(yī)生同時(shí)也擔(dān)心，允許這樣的醫(yī)療程序合法化，會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些對(duì)于結(jié)束生命的不當(dāng)決定。
Some doctors believe-though have not proved-that a 1993 Dutch decision to legalize euthanasia has resulted in some cases of mercy killin without the patient's explicit consent.
有些醫(yī)生相信——盡管未經(jīng)證實(shí)——1993年荷蘭將安樂死合法化之后，某些安樂死的病例，并未得到患者明確的同意。
In a letter released after his death,Dent appealed to those who attacked his decision:
在鄧特死后才公諸于世的一封信中，他懇請(qǐng)那些抨擊他采用安樂死的人：
"If you disagree with voluntary euthanasia,then don't use it,but don't deny me the righy to use it if and when I want to."
“如果不贊成志愿安樂死，那就不要用，但假如我想這樣做，或當(dāng)我有意如此時(shí)，請(qǐng)不要?jiǎng)儕Z我使用它的權(quán)利。”
FK-506
FK-506
What may make the difference this time is an experimental antirejection drug known as FK-506;
這次之所以與先前不同，是因?yàn)橛昧嗽囼?yàn)性的抗排斥藥物FK-506；
doctors hope it will keep the recipient's immune system from attacking the new liver as a foreign object.
醫(yī)生希望這種藥物能夠使接受移植者的免疫系統(tǒng)，不要將移植的肝臟視為外來(lái)物體而加以攻擊。
Though the patient had symptoms of a mild rejection reaction by week's end,it wasn't considered serious.
盡管在一周結(jié)束的時(shí)候，病患者有一些輕微的排斥現(xiàn)象，但情形并不嚴(yán)重。
FK-506 works by suppressing the proliferation of certain white blood cells,the workhorses of the immune system.
白血球細(xì)胞是免疫系統(tǒng)里的主要角色，F(xiàn)K-506即憑借抑制某些白血球細(xì)胞的增殖而達(dá)到功效。
Starzl thinks the drug could signal a revolution in organ transplantation.
斯達(dá)茲爾認(rèn)為，此藥可以說(shuō)代表著器官移植上的一場(chǎng)革命。
hantavirus
病毒性流感
The hantavirus,a rodent-borne killer that swept through the Four Corners area of the American Southwest last spring,has claimed its first life in the Northeast.
曾經(jīng)在去年春天橫掃美國(guó)西南部西角區(qū)的病毒性流感，是一種借由嚙齒類動(dòng)物傳染的殺手級(jí)病毒，最近在美國(guó)的東北部造成了該地區(qū)第一個(gè)死亡病例。
They were told to cook their chicken thoroughly to aviod food poisoning from salmonella bacteria.
他們被告知須將雞肉完全煮透，以避免沙門氏桿菌食物中毒。
And last year they saw how the rare hantavirus,once unknown in the U.S.,emerged from mice to kill 30 people in as many as 20 states.
而去年，他們見識(shí)到罕見的病毒性流感，美國(guó)人過(guò)去完全陌生的病毒，如何從老鼠身上傳出，在廣達(dá)20個(gè)州境內(nèi)奪走了30條人命。
Heimlich maneuver
漢默李奇醫(yī)術(shù)
True story:
這是個(gè)真人實(shí)事，
a few years ago,a 10-year-old successfully performed the Heimlich maneuver on his choking brother after seeing it illustrated on The Simpsons.
幾年前一名10歲大的小孩，，以漢默李奇醫(yī)術(shù)成功地救起他快窒息的兄弟；先前，他在《辛普森家庭》這部卡通片里，看過(guò)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的操作。
Dr.Henry Heimlich of Cincinnati,known for developing the Heimlich maneuver to relieve choking,
辛辛那提市的亨利·漢默李奇博士，以推廣窒息救急術(shù)——漢默李奇醫(yī)術(shù)而著稱；
observed that Lyme disease resembles syphilis in that it is caused by a corkscrew-shaped spirochete.
他觀察到萊姆關(guān)節(jié)炎與梅毒相似，因?yàn)樵撗装Y系由一螺旋形螺旋體細(xì)菌所引發(fā)。
HIV
人體免疫缺乏病毒
Says Sean Strub:
肖恩·斯塔布說(shuō)：
"This is going to tell tens of thousands of people with AIDS and HIV that they don't have to give up."
“約翰遜的復(fù)出明白地向艾滋病及人體免疫缺乏病毒帶原者宣示，他們沒有必要放棄希望。”
interferon
干擾素
The research suggests a possible strategy for treating lymphoma in these patients:
這個(gè)研究提出對(duì)于這些病患者的淋巴瘤的一個(gè)治療方法：
attack HIV with antiviral drugs like interferon.
用像干擾素的抗病毒藥物來(lái)攻擊人體免疫缺乏病毒。
interleukin 2
白細(xì)胞介素2
After giving the genetically engineered drug Interleukin 2 in high doses to 283 patients with spreading kidney or skin cancer,
在對(duì)283位患有腎臟癌或皮膚癌并已進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散期的患者，施以高劑量的基因工程合成藥物白細(xì)胞介素2之后，
researchers found that a significant number stayed in remission for periods from seven to 91 months.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有相當(dāng)多病患者的病況都維持在和緩的程序，時(shí)間在7個(gè)月到91個(gè)月之間。
In an article in Cell,researchers report that
在一篇發(fā)表于《細(xì)胞》雜志上的文章中，研究人員指出，
the mutation causes immune cells to produce defective copies of a receptor for interleukin-2,one of the most important molecular regulators of the body's defense system.
突變會(huì)造成免疫細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生有缺陷的白細(xì)胞介素2接受體，白細(xì)胞介素2是人體防御系統(tǒng)中最重要的分子調(diào)節(jié)器之一。
Legionnaire's disease
軍團(tuán)病
AIDS has struck 547 people in the U.S.and at least 21 abroad,
艾滋病患者在美國(guó)已有547人，在美國(guó)之外至少有21人，
killing 232,more than toxic shock syndrome and the Philadelphia outbreak of Legionnaire's disease combined.
因此而死亡的則有232人，比中毒性綜合休克癥和軍團(tuán)病在費(fèi)城所造成的死亡人數(shù)總和還要多。
The mice that transmit the hantavirus often take refuge in farmers' fields,barns and even homes.
傳播病毒性流感的老鼠往往棲身于農(nóng)田、谷倉(cāng)、甚至家中；
Air-conditioning ducts create a perfect breeding ground for Legionnaire's disease bacteria.
空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的輸送管則是軍團(tuán)病細(xì)菌的絕佳溫床。
leukemia
白血病
A 20-year study of Canadian utility workers found a slightly elevated risk of leukemia among employees who had the greatest exposure to magnetic fields.
加拿大對(duì)公用事業(yè)員工所進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)達(dá)20年的研究顯示，暴露在磁場(chǎng)環(huán)境中最多的人員，罹患白血病的危險(xiǎn)性稍高。
During Anderson's gene-therapy hiatus,however,
在安得森基因治療的休止期間，
Richard Mulligan,an M.I.T.researcher,showed that genetically engineered mouse-leukemia retroviruses were effective vectors for inserting human genes into mouse DNA.
一位MIT的研究人員理查德·穆立根證明了，以基因工程所產(chǎn)生的鼠類白血病逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶病毒，是將人類基因植入鼠類DNA的優(yōu)良載體。
LSD
賴瑟酸二乙基酰胺
After a decade of decline,
根據(jù)調(diào)查指出，
drug use among young people is on the way back up,according to a survey.
在10年的下降之后，年輕人吸毒的情況又有上升的趨勢(shì)。
The percentage using marijuana in 1992 was 27.7%,compared with 26.5% in 1991,and LSD users went from 5.1% to 5.7%.
1992年吸食大麻的有27.7%，而1991年是26.5%，使用“賴瑟酸二乙基酰胺”的從5.1%上升到5.7%。
The 1981 figures were 51.2% and 6%,respectively.
在1981年這兩項(xiàng)藥物的使用比例分別是51.2%及6%。
Starting in high school,Ned confesses,he became "infatuated with the drug subculture," using marijuana,LSD and mescaline.
奈德承認(rèn)，從高中開始，他對(duì)“藥醉神迷生活”產(chǎn)生迷戀，并且服用大麻、“賴瑟酸二乙基酰胺”及梅斯卡靈等麻醉藥。
"When you're the child of a famous person,"says Franklin,who had his own bouts with heavy drinking,"you're measured by a different scale.You can get mad and fight it,or you can learn to accept it."
弗蘭克林說(shuō)：“如果你是個(gè)名人的孩子，你就會(huì)被人另眼相看。你可以生氣并加以反擊，要不然你也可以學(xué)著去接受它。”弗蘭克林曾有酗酒的記錄。
mad cow disease,BSE
瘋牛病
They had contracted a new from of brain-wasting Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease that may in some unkown way be related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE),
他們已經(jīng)染上一種會(huì)消蝕腦部的新型庫(kù)賈氏病，這種病可能與牛的腦部海綿狀病變，
the so-called mad-caw disease that has been plaguing British herds since mid-1980s.
也就是所謂的瘋牛病有關(guān)；英國(guó)牛群自1980年代中期起即深受瘋牛病侵?jǐn)_之苦。
malpractice
誤診，治療不當(dāng)
Though no statistical evidence shows that malpractice is on the rise,
雖然沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示醫(yī)生的誤診情形有增加的趨勢(shì)，
state licensling boards have stepped up their investigations of doctors.
但是各州核發(fā)醫(yī)生執(zhí)照的委員會(huì)已經(jīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)醫(yī)生的調(diào)查。
Most people have long suspected,and many doctors agree,
許多人長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)都懷疑，還有許多醫(yī)生也同意，
that fear of malpractice suits haunts the delivery rooms.
怕惹上誤診官司的心態(tài)，是產(chǎn)房里揮之不去的困擾。
When complications arise,or the labor is unusually long and hard,many physicians apparently feel safer bringing out the scalpel than trying to let nature take its course.
碰上棘手的情況，或分娩過(guò)程出奇地費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，顯然就有許多醫(yī)生感覺動(dòng)手術(shù)刀要比自然生產(chǎn)安全得多。
osteoporosis
骨質(zhì)疏松癥
The 55-year-old woman died of natural causes but in agony nonetheless.
盡管這名55歲的婦女是死于常情的原因，但她死得很痛苦。
She had suffered from arthritis,osteoporosis and malnutrition:
她患了關(guān)節(jié)炎、骨質(zhì)疏松癥及營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良；
her teeth were rotten;and an improperly set broken leg had led to a huge bone abscess.
牙齒都爛掉了、而斷腿的處置不當(dāng)造成一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的骨頭潰瘍。
For the humped back is often the most visible sign of osteoporosis,a progressive disease that leaves bones thin and brittle.
因?yàn)轳劚惩ǔＪ枪琴|(zhì)疏松癥最明顯的癥狀，此癥使得骨頭逐漸變薄易碎。
Even so simple a motion as walking or sitting can collapse vertebrae and fracture wrists and hips.
就算是走路、坐下這樣簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作都可能使脊椎斷裂，使手腕及胯骨產(chǎn)生骨折。
pacemaker
心臟電子起搏器
Pet medicine,though,can rival treatment for humans.
寵物的醫(yī)療已經(jīng)可以與人的醫(yī)療相匹敵。
Dogs and cats can undergo dialysis,pacemaker insertions and joint replacements.
狗和貓可以進(jìn)行腎透析、安裝心臟電子起搏器、植入人工關(guān)節(jié)。
Fractures are no longer simple splint-and-wire jobs but involve stainless-steel braces used on the bone.
骨折不再只是簡(jiǎn)單綁個(gè)繩子用木板固定，現(xiàn)在還包含用在骨骼中的不銹鋼夾板。
The Secretary,54,suffers from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,a heart malady causing shortness of breath and dizziness.
這名54歲的國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)患了心肌肥厚癥，這是一種心臟方面的疾病，會(huì)造成缺氧及暈眩。
Nine days after doctors installed a pacemaker in his chest,the irrepressible Pentagon chief was back in form last Saturday.
在醫(yī)生將心臟電子起搏器植入他胸腔后9天，這位按捺不住的五角大樓頭頭，上周六又回復(fù)到他原來(lái)的生活。
Parkinson's disease
帕金森綜合癥
Graham knows he needs to save his strength:he is fighting Parkinson's disease,
格雷厄姆知道他必須要保留精力：他正在跟帕金森綜合癥奮戰(zhàn)，
a progressive nervous disorder that has already made it impossible for him to drive or write by hand.
這是一種漸進(jìn)的神經(jīng)異常疾病，已經(jīng)讓他無(wú)法開車或用手寫字。
One of the most promising experiments in the treatment of Parkinson's disease involves the use of fetal-tissue transplants.
對(duì)于帕金森綜合癥的治療，最有希望的實(shí)驗(yàn)之一是利用胚胎組織的移植手術(shù)。
At least 100 patients worldwide have had such tissue injected into their damaged brains.
全世界至少已有100位患者接受這種胚胎組織注射到受傷的大腦里去。
positron-emission tomography
正電子放射γ線斷層造影術(shù)
Female breasts,he says,may also influence irregularities on thallium stress tests.
他說(shuō)女性的胸部也可能會(huì)影響到鉈壓力測(cè)試的不規(guī)則性；
Doctors at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City have apparently circumvented that problem by using the PET(positron-emission tomography)scan,
紐約市貝絲以色列醫(yī)學(xué)中心的醫(yī)生，用正電子放射γ線斷層造影術(shù)顯然已避開了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，
which they say is highly accurate in detecting even minor heart damage in women.
他們說(shuō)這種方法就算是用來(lái)檢測(cè)婦女在心臟上的小毛病，也非常精確。
The machines that make images of the brain today are large,expensive contraptions that only major medical centers can afford.
今日，那些用來(lái)產(chǎn)生腦部影像的機(jī)器，都是一些相當(dāng)巨大且昂貴的設(shè)備，因此只有少數(shù)的大型醫(yī)學(xué)中心買得起。
But just as computers have become ever smaller,cheaper and more powerful,
但是正如電腦越來(lái)越小、價(jià)格越來(lái)越低而且功能越來(lái)越強(qiáng)，
so will the ultrafast successors to present-day positronemission tomography and magnetic-resonance imaging scanners.
迅速取代現(xiàn)有正電子放射γ線斷層造影術(shù)及核磁共振影像掃描器的設(shè)備，也將步上同樣的趨勢(shì)。
In the NIMH study,
在NIMH的研究當(dāng)中，
researchers used a new and sophisticated brain-imaging technique known as positron-emission tomography scanning
研究人員用了一種復(fù)雜的新技術(shù)取得腦部影像，稱之為正電子放射γ線斷層造影術(shù)，
to measure metabolic activity in the brain cells of 25 adults who had been hyperactive since childhood
來(lái)測(cè)量25個(gè)成人的腦部新陳代謝活動(dòng)，這些成人自從孩提時(shí)代就有活動(dòng)量過(guò)高的情況，
and had at least one child with the same problem.The results were striking.
同時(shí)他們的孩子中至少有1名也患有同樣的毛病。測(cè)量結(jié)果相當(dāng)令人驚訝。
premenstrual syndrome
經(jīng)前綜合癥
More recently,B6 has won favor as a relief for premenstrual syndrome.
近年來(lái)維生素B6得寵，被拿來(lái)減輕經(jīng)前綜合癥。
Some preliminary studies on depression,for example,
例如有一些對(duì)沮喪癥狀的初步研究顯示，
suggest that hormonal changes in many women may lead to a premenstrual deepening of depression.
許多婦婦因?yàn)楹蔂柮傻淖兓瘯?huì)造成經(jīng)前的沮喪情緒增強(qiáng)。
taxol
泰克索
Scientists have synthesized taxol,a promising anticancer drug normally derived from trees in the Pacific Northwest.
科學(xué)家已經(jīng)合成了泰克素，這是一種相當(dāng)有潛力的抗癌藥物，一般取自美國(guó)西北太平洋岸的樹木中。
The new chemotherapeutic taxol,as well as almost half of all other cancer drugs,owes its existence to government scientists,as do nearly all AIDS drugs.
新的化學(xué)治療藥物泰克素，還有其他接近一半的癌癥藥物及幾乎所有的艾滋病藥物，都是靠官方科學(xué)家的努力才得以問(wèn)世。
T cell
T細(xì)胞
In the past few years,however,doctors have come to realize that
然而，在過(guò)去幾年，醫(yī)生們了解到
the T cell number doesn't really tell them how sick a person is.
T細(xì)胞的數(shù)量并不一定代表了患者病況的輕重。
Scientists suspect their blood may be blessed with killer T cells that
科學(xué)家猜測(cè)，她們的血液可能有特殊功能，具有特別兇猛的殺傷性T細(xì)胞，
are particularly ferocious,able to totally annihilate the invading virus before it can take hold and replicate.
能夠在入侵細(xì)胞還未站穩(wěn)腳跟和復(fù)制之前即將其全數(shù)殲滅。
transplant
器官移植
In a worst-case scenario,such transplants could introduce humanity to a plague that would make all of those look tame.
往最壞的地方想，這種動(dòng)物器官的移植手術(shù)可能會(huì)為人類帶來(lái)一場(chǎng)溫疫，其嚴(yán)重程度可能是那些病毒都比不上的。
