雅思閱讀的一大點(diǎn)金石 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)語(yǔ)意

　　標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，是書面語(yǔ)言的一大組成部分，它可以幫助準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)語(yǔ)意并協(xié)助讀者抓住句中的精髓。在上小學(xué)語(yǔ)文課的時(shí)候，老師都會(huì)教如何正確使用中文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。其實(shí)，英文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)也起著同樣重要的作用。雅思閱讀文章中有很多這樣的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，不僅可以使考生讀懂文章，更能迅速準(zhǔn)確的搞定考題答案。下面為大家分別講述幾個(gè)在雅思文章中很重要的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，希望對(duì)大家備戰(zhàn)雅思閱讀有幫助。

　　冒號(hào)

　　冒號(hào)在英文中有兩大用法：一是用在一個(gè)正式的引用前面，二是列出表示列舉、解釋和說(shuō)明性的詞語(yǔ)。比如在劍六TEST2第一篇文章的A段中，首句是這樣表達(dá)的：

　　In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: “The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.”冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是一句正式引語(yǔ)，并對(duì)冒號(hào)前的politics進(jìn)行了具體的闡述說(shuō)明，因此，冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是本段的主題句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的引號(hào)內(nèi)的democratic一詞，所以在本篇第一個(gè)題型List of Heading中，本段的選項(xiàng)為A successful exercise in people power.

　　在劍橋四Test 4第三篇閱讀文章The Problem of Scarce Resources中第一個(gè)題型依舊是List of Heading。文章section c 段首句如下：

　　'However, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life.'冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)前半句的an awareness of a contrary kind進(jìn)行了具體的解釋說(shuō)明，因此冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容就是解題的重點(diǎn)。在冒號(hào)后面提出了health-care與right的關(guān)系，所以這個(gè)段的段落大意選擇選項(xiàng)I The connection between health-care and other human rights.

　　括號(hào)

　　括號(hào)在英文中可以用來(lái)表示其中插入的或附加的解釋成分，這個(gè)插入成分可以是單詞、詞組或句子。例如在劍五TEST1第一篇文章Johnson’s Dictionary中，題號(hào)為5的summary即考察的就是文中括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容。該題為：

　　Johnson did not have a ……..available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. 根據(jù)題中的定位詞80 large notebooks, 考生可找到文章第六段首句” The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and……..”考生根據(jù)所填題目前的did not have體現(xiàn)的否定關(guān)系以及不定冠詞a, 可預(yù)判答案選詞為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，并且體現(xiàn)為否定關(guān)系。通過(guò)閱讀，可確定答案為文章中括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞library.

　　問(wèn)號(hào)

　　雅思閱讀中的問(wèn)號(hào)，多數(shù)情況下用在設(shè)問(wèn)句之后。設(shè)問(wèn)句，即沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)而故意自問(wèn)自答，作者的目的在于引起讀者的注意和思考，能夠引起文章的跌宕起伏。因此，多數(shù)情況下， 如果在段首位置出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)號(hào)，該句即為該段的主旨句。如劍六TEST1第一篇文章“Australia’s Sporting Success”的首段：

　　They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. 前兩句為描述性語(yǔ)句，第三句問(wèn)句How do they do it?后的自問(wèn)自答引出了本段甚至本文的中心內(nèi)容。

　　破折號(hào)

　　雅思閱讀中的破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容，通常是對(duì)主句中的某個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)的修飾或解釋說(shuō)明。破折號(hào)寫法上共有兩種，一種為兩個(gè)破折號(hào)搭配使用，兩破折號(hào)中間部分為細(xì)節(jié)即—……—，而第二種情況為—…….的情況。如劍四TEST3第二篇文章：

　　Volcanoes-earth-shattering news”中Section C第二段首句：Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma-molten rock from the mantle-inch towards the surface…… 兩個(gè)破折號(hào)中的molten rock from the mantle是在解釋破折號(hào)之前的名詞magma.

　　破折號(hào)中的部分正好對(duì)應(yīng)19題的題干：What is the name given to molten rock from the mantle? 因此答案為magma。依舊在Section C第四段中， 第四行and you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates-the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle.破折號(hào)后的the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle是在解釋破折號(hào)前的tectonic plates. 此句與18題題干What are the sections of the earth’s crust, often associated with volcanic activity, called?相對(duì)應(yīng)。