留學(xué)生可能在學(xué)習(xí)之中掌握了大量學(xué)科、專有詞匯,讀寫能力杠杠的,但是在日常生活中,怎么解決說(shuō)英語(yǔ)容易卡殼的尷尬局面?
我們需要做到三點(diǎn):
一、改變思維習(xí)慣(way of thinking)。 閱讀時(shí),見到一些表達(dá)方式,多問(wèn)問(wèn)自己,這句話讓我說(shuō),我會(huì)用這種思路嗎?如果答案是no,那就恭喜你了,趕快把這句話抄下來(lái),以后多做點(diǎn)文章。
二、注意選詞(choice of words)。 實(shí)踐證明,學(xué)好、活用100個(gè)詞,再加上以前的一點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ),就可以自由表達(dá)自己思想,并可盡量拋棄原來(lái)的中式英語(yǔ)思維。
三、句型(sentence patterns) 。漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)這兩門語(yǔ)言沒多大的相似之處,由于思維習(xí)慣的不同,導(dǎo)致一些表達(dá)方式也不同,具體表現(xiàn)在一些典型的句型上。
我們時(shí)常見的一些小詞,如果多加注意和運(yùn)用,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生很奇妙的效果,一起來(lái)看看有哪些吧~
available
使用頻率:★★★★★
造句功能:★★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞有點(diǎn)怪,是形容詞,但是一般放到所修飾的詞后面。凡句子中含有是“有。。??梢杂玫?rdquo;的時(shí)候都可以考慮這個(gè)詞。這個(gè)詞關(guān)系到我們思維方式,而不是這個(gè)詞用法有多復(fù)雜。反義詞是unavailable。
1、對(duì)不起,沒座了。
Chinglish: Sorry, we have no seats now.
Revision: Sorry, no seats available.
2、網(wǎng)站暫時(shí)無(wú)法訪問(wèn)。
Chinglish: This website can't be visited temporarily.
Revision: Website Temporarily Unavailable.
有時(shí)候盡管不是非用available/unavailable不可,但是多用一些,看起來(lái)正宗。
offer
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞比較微妙。英譯中時(shí)不太好處理,正因如此,這個(gè)詞才值得我們重視。
1、謝謝你的好意,不過(guò)我可以走回去。
Chinglish: Thank you for your goodwill, but I can go home on foot.
Revision: Thanks for your offer, but I can walk home.
2、全國(guó)人民紛紛向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)伸出了援助之手。
Chinglish: People from all over the country all giving their hands to the disaster area.
Revision: People from all over the country are offering helping hands to the disaster area.
Offer可以做動(dòng)詞用,也可以做名詞用。還有一些固定搭配,其中Job offer非常紅。凡是帶有“給予”、“善意提供的(幫忙)”等意思,就可以考慮offer這個(gè)詞。我們可以在第一時(shí)間想到要用give的時(shí)候多用offer來(lái)替代。
difference
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
意思是差別。對(duì)于difference只需要掌握一到兩個(gè)短語(yǔ),我們口語(yǔ)水平就會(huì)前進(jìn)一大步,讓你的同學(xué)對(duì)你刮目相看,那就是make a difference(有很大不同)或make no differences(沒什么不同)。
1、你說(shuō)的什么移動(dòng)、聯(lián)通, 我看還不一路貨色。
You're talking about Telecom and Unicom. The way I see it, they make no differences at all.
2、這種化妝品你用用看,效果絕對(duì)不一樣。
Chinglish: Please use this kind of cosmetics, the effect is absolutely different.
Revision: Please try this sort of cosmetics, i bet it'll make a big difference.
3、上帝啊,再給我一次機(jī)會(huì),我不會(huì)再這樣了。
Chinglish: God, please give me a chance again, I won't do this again.
Revision: God, please grant me another chance, and I'll make a difference.
凡是一樣不一樣,都可以考慮這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ),你用好了,絕對(duì)可以make a difference。
另外說(shuō)一下,受教科書的影響,說(shuō)不同的時(shí)候中國(guó)學(xué)生習(xí)慣be different from這一句型。但是很多時(shí)候differ from這個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式更簡(jiǎn)單,try it, and you'll make a difference,讓你的老師、同學(xué)對(duì)你刮目相看。
西方人崇尚個(gè)人奮斗,追求與他人不一樣。這個(gè)詞,對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō),太神圣了。在https://google.com中,make a difference這一短語(yǔ)搜索結(jié)果近600萬(wàn),我們用過(guò)幾次了。所以以后有條件,我們就要make a difference,沒有條件時(shí),創(chuàng)建條件也要make a difference。
sense
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞主要由于幾個(gè)相關(guān)短語(yǔ)而流行的。
這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)分別是: a sense of (responsibility, humor...)---有幽默感等, make sense/not make any sense,有意義,沒意義(所以我說(shuō)別老用meaningless,不是人家聽不懂,那很中式的)。
1、我很喜歡他。他很有幽默感。
Chinglish: I very like him. He is very humorous.
Revision: I like him very much. He has a good sense of humor.
2、我知道,不過(guò)有的地方?jīng)]什么意義。
Chinglish: I know, but it's meaningless in some places.
Revision: I know, but again at some point it doesn't make any sense.
afford
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
意思是買的起,付得起、花得起時(shí)間、金錢、精力等。
但是Afford只能表示能力,不表示意愿。例如我們可以說(shuō)I'm willing to pay, but I really can't afford it,而不能說(shuō)I'm willing to afford it。
用好這個(gè)詞,我們的水平就會(huì)提高一個(gè)檔次,讓你的同學(xué)打心底里佩服。
1、這頂帽子貴得也太離譜了,我買不起。
Chinglish: This hat is extremely expensive, I can't buy it.
Revision: This hat is so expensive that I can't afford it.
2、這個(gè)村子里好多兒童都上不起學(xué)。
Chinglish: Lots of kids can't go to school because they're poor. (意思表達(dá)出來(lái)了但是不精練)
Revision: Plenty of kids in this village can't afford to go to school (can't afford education).
deserve
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞字面意思是“值得”、“該受到”,可褒可貶。用到的場(chǎng)合其實(shí)挺多的。幾個(gè)例句就可以解決問(wèn)題。
1、你是老鼠戲貓,真是自作自受!
Chinglish: You're like a rat teasing a cat... (...下面不會(huì)了)
Revision: I think you're playing with fire. You deserve it!
2、那個(gè)好心女孩終于嫁給了她的心上人。她是有好報(bào)。
Chinglish: That good-hearted girl was married to the man in her heart at last. She was good so she had a good end.
Revision: That good-hearted girl married her 'prince' finally. She deserved it.
3、你竟敢這樣對(duì)我?找打啊?
Chinglish: How dare you do this to me? Do you want me to beat you?
Revision: How dare you do this to me? You deserve a kick in the ass!
這個(gè)詞比較微妙,個(gè)人喜歡這個(gè)詞,不多說(shuō)了。
If you think that I deserve some applauses or flowers, why not let me know about it
frustrated
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
表示心情沮喪、灰心喪氣時(shí),老外偏愛frustrated這一詞。我們喜歡是sad, lose one's heart等表達(dá)法。
用法特別簡(jiǎn)單。當(dāng)你覺得灰心喪氣時(shí),forget about "sad", use this word instead.
1、沒有一個(gè)女孩子給我寫過(guò)信,我真是沮喪極了。
I'm so frustrated that no girls wrote to me.
2、公司業(yè)績(jī)總是不好,總經(jīng)理真是心灰意懶。
Chinglish: The total manager is very sad because the achievement is not good.
Revision: The general manager is so frustrated for the poor performance of his company.
If, if lots of people come and shout to me:"Coolmax, your English is so poor and limited!" I'll be extremely frustrated
再說(shuō)一遍,以后要常說(shuō) frustrated 哦!說(shuō)多了,你就有老外的感覺了。
hurt
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★
“受傷”或“疼痛”的意思??赡苁巧砩鲜軅?,更表示心里上受傷。很紅的一個(gè)詞,失戀的人必備詞匯。唉,我們的傳統(tǒng)英文教育就是那么回事,學(xué)了10年英文,不知道“我手指疼”怎么說(shuō)的大有人在。
1、哦,天哪!你竟然不理我了。我受傷了。
Chinglish: Oh, God, you don't notice me! I am injured.(Injure一詞一般不用于心理方面的傷害)。
Revision: Oh, God, how come you start to ignore me! I'm hurt.
2、別動(dòng)我,我右手大拇指指疼。
Chinglish: Don't move me! My right thumb aches. (動(dòng)某人的話也可以用 touch)
Revision: Leave me alone! My right thumb hurts.
At last I want to remind some friends that we should never tell a woman that she is 'fat'. She would be hurt or even offended if you do that.
mislead
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
其形容詞是Misleading,被動(dòng)形式是be misled。意思是誤導(dǎo)。我們國(guó)人不太愛說(shuō),但是愛好政治與辯論的老外整天把這個(gè)詞掛在嘴上。這個(gè)詞不難用,關(guān)鍵是思維方式不同,所以我們要學(xué)。
1、你沒有意識(shí)到這份報(bào)紙?jiān)谡`導(dǎo)民眾嗎?
Haven't you realized this newspaper is misleading its readers?
2、我覺得你是被宣傳誤導(dǎo)了,也許是被洗了腦子了。
I deem that you're misled by the propaganda and maybe you're brainwashed.
So, my only wish reagarding this thread is that I'm not misleading.
最后別忘了,這個(gè)詞也是Chinadaily 的 News Talks 版面最紅的字眼之一。
offend
使用頻率:★★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞表示“冒犯”、“得罪”,老外整天掛在嘴上。我們要跟進(jìn)。一般用法是offend sb.被動(dòng)是be/get offended.
要善于識(shí)別offend使用范圍。漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言特別豐富,所以我們要特別注重內(nèi)在含義。
1、你對(duì)她的穿著評(píng)頭論足,她可能會(huì)不高興。
Chinglish: You're commenting on her dress; she might be unhappy. (還不太中式,但是想不到offend一詞就是罪過(guò))
Revision: You're criticising her dress sense. She might be offended.
2、我什么時(shí)候得罪她了?她這人真怪!
Chinglish: When did I do bad to her? She is so strange! (不算太中式,但是想不到offend就是罪過(guò))
Revision: Have I ever offended her? She's just being so weird!
update
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞特別簡(jiǎn)單,但是我們不容易說(shuō)好,一般是學(xué)一次,知道重要性后,終生難忘。
表示更新后的信息,也可以做動(dòng)詞,進(jìn)行更新?,F(xiàn)在知識(shí)更新特別快,難怪這個(gè)詞也吃香。
1、新的在哪?
Chinglish: Where is the new one?(不算太中式,但是中國(guó)學(xué)生會(huì)用update會(huì)讓人刮目相看)
Revision: Where's the update?
2、這是最后一次的更新。
Chinglish: This is the newest change.
Revision: This is the latest update. (會(huì)用latest的也不簡(jiǎn)單)
You know I'm pretty busy with my work and I have to work overtime everyday, but I'll try my best to keep this thread updated.
contribute
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★
名詞形式是contribution. 意思有“捐獻(xiàn)”、“投稿”等意思。凡是有貢獻(xiàn),都可以叫contribution。contribute這個(gè)動(dòng)詞一般與to 連用。
1、這事他也出了不少力。
Chinglish: He also supplied his strength to this.
Revision: He also contributed a lot to this.
2、謝謝你啊,你可幫了大忙了。
Version 1: Thank you very much. You really helped a lot.
Version 2: I really appreciate your great contribution.(看情況)
3、你只知道批評(píng)別人,你自己做了多少事?
Chinglish: You only know how to criticise others, but how much thing have you done yourself?
Revision: You're a critic! Where's your contribution?
這個(gè)詞用起來(lái)自然。好用,實(shí)用。
scenario
使用頻率:★
造句功能:★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞是“假想”、“設(shè)想”的意思。會(huì)用這個(gè)詞不容易。凡是用過(guò)該詞三次以上的(查詞典抄來(lái)的不算),我敢斷定其英文水平已經(jīng)達(dá)到Great甚至是Excellent了。
這里有一句話:
In the unlikely scenario that there is no major conflict, China is obviously willing to give peace a chance so long as Taiwan is not being unleashed by the Americans to pursue de jure independence.
impress
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
1、Coolmax,你這個(gè)帖子不怎么樣。
Chinglish: Coolmax, your this post is just so so.
Revision: Coolmax, I'm not at all impressed by this thread of yours.
2、在我記憶中,中國(guó)給我的感覺太棒了!
Chinglish: In my memory, China gave me a very wonderful feeling.
Revision: China was really impressive in my memory.
3、成功的推銷員知道如何打動(dòng)他的客戶。
Chinglish: A successful salesman knows how to move his customers.
Revision: A successful salesman knows how to impress his customers.
lover
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞用得太廣了。老外動(dòng)不動(dòng)張口就是peace-lovers。此外還有book lovers, China lovers, Music lovers。。。。。太廣了??墒俏覀儑?guó)人說(shuō)得太少了。
下面幾句可能兩種說(shuō)法都可以,但是老外偏愛第2種。這個(gè)不是有多難,我們不會(huì)用,而是我們的思維習(xí)慣決定了老是想不到。
1、我這個(gè)人挺愛讀書的。
Version 1: I love reading books. (沒錯(cuò))
Better Version: I'm a book lover. (更地道)
2、中國(guó)堅(jiān)定地與全世界愛好和平的人們站在一起。
Chinglish: China is resolutely standing with all people who love peace all over the world.(很啰嗦的不是?)
Revision: China stands firmly with all peace-lovers world-wide.
Some forumites on Chinadaily community attack China from time to time while asserting they're 'China-lovers'.
要讓世界充滿愛,我們應(yīng)該多用lover少用hater一詞。
justify
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
Justify: To demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid。證明、說(shuō)明什么東西是對(duì)的,正確或有效的。
說(shuō)明:該詞在漢語(yǔ)中沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,雖然有對(duì)應(yīng)的短語(yǔ),但是我們說(shuō)得太少,以至于見到這個(gè)詞無(wú)動(dòng)于衷,沒覺得有什么特別的,豈止該詞非常具有西方思維,用對(duì)了讓你的英文更正宗。就象果汁,你喝兌水的,也叫果汁,人家的該榨出的,也叫果汁。果汁與果汁,大相徑庭也!
1、你明明錯(cuò)了,你別狡辯了。
Chinglish: You're obviously wrong, don't give chicanery!
Revision: You're obviously wrong. Don't try to justify your mistakes!
2、該政府部門不作為的做法難責(zé)其咎。
Chinglish: The government agency should be blamed for their nonfeasance.(not bad)
Revision: The inactivity of the government agency can't be justified.
work
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★
詞義:起作用[動(dòng)詞]
說(shuō)明:會(huì)說(shuō)work一詞沒什么了不起,但是擅長(zhǎng)用work一詞會(huì)讓你英語(yǔ)原味大增!我可不想討論它是不是可數(shù)名詞,在這里只討論它做動(dòng)詞的情況。The medicine didn't work!是什么意思呢?原來(lái)是“那藥不起作用/不頂事”的意思。其實(shí)work本意是一個(gè)人的工作,就是你應(yīng)該干的活。電視是播放節(jié)目的,能履行自己職責(zé)就是work了,不能播放了,或沒聲音了,就是沒把“work”干好;同樣,走時(shí)間與在指定時(shí)間叫醒你是鬧鐘的工作;打印是打印機(jī)的工作。。??傊?,可以是一個(gè)想法,一個(gè)計(jì)劃,一個(gè)產(chǎn)品,一個(gè)用品,凡是起到該起的或預(yù)料中的作用就是it works,否則就是it doesn't work!
1、我的鬧鐘壞了。
Chinglish:My alarm clock is bad. (人家以為你買的是偽劣產(chǎn)品,能用但是質(zhì)量差)
Revision: My alarm clock doesn't work. (不走了,或不鬧時(shí)了,或兩者都不行了)
2、我的計(jì)劃頂事了。
Chinglish: My plan served for the purpose.(快說(shuō)對(duì)了,可惜沒說(shuō)對(duì),for是多余的。)
Revision: My plan worked! (多精練!)
3、電視已經(jīng)不太好了。(如聲音時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù))
Chinglish: The TV set is already not good now. (不知所云)
Revision: The TV set doesn't work properly(or: well) now. (多地道!)
I hope my explanation works!
hold
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
在生活中,我們常常會(huì)抱怨聯(lián)系不到那個(gè)誰(shuí),男女關(guān)系中尤為常見。受思維限制,我們一般只會(huì)說(shuō)個(gè)contact with,現(xiàn)在有一種更為生活化的用法告訴大家。
1、你這一天干嘛去了?我用了六個(gè)小時(shí)嘗試聯(lián)系你!
What have you been doing all day? I've been trying to get a hold of you for six hours.
2、我必須通過(guò)十個(gè)不同的人來(lái)獲得你的聯(lián)系
I had to go through ten different people to get a hold of you.
此用法常常伴隨河?xùn)|獅吼。
crap
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★
我們會(huì)遭遇一些人的喋喋不休的廢話,那么請(qǐng)這樣告訴他。除了快被用爛的rubbish,bullshit,還有這樣的很常見的說(shuō)法:
1、請(qǐng)不要再對(duì)我講這些廢話了!
Please don't play this crap on me.
2、凈胡說(shuō)八道
What a bunch of crap!
不想忍受的時(shí)候,及時(shí)喊停。
mark
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
mark之所以萬(wàn)能,在于將標(biāo)志、痕跡、得分的含義廣泛地引申出去,例如:
1、up to the mark 達(dá)到要求;符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
2、an easy mark 容易受騙的人
3、mark up/down 加價(jià)/減價(jià)
4、leave your/its/a mark 留下永久記憶
等等。
1、The table marks very easily.
這張桌子很容易留下印痕。
2、His silence marked his anger.
他的沉默表明了他的憤怒。
3、Our teacher marks strictly.
我們老師評(píng)分很嚴(yán)。
4、He walked on air for getting a high mark.
他因得了高分而洋洋得意。
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