顧名思義,列舉路標(biāo)詞是細(xì)節(jié)描述最常見的信號詞,表示對同類事物的列舉或上文的補(bǔ)充。也就是說,出現(xiàn)這類詞,一定是細(xì)節(jié)類的內(nèi)容,比如例子等。若未聽清其前面的內(nèi)容,也可根據(jù)這些路標(biāo)詞推斷前文,考生應(yīng)當(dāng)靈活對待。
☆ for instance, for example, such as, like, likewise, similarly
☆ in addition to, one more thing, what’s more , furthermore, besides, also,too, as well as, moreover, together with, not only…but also, etc.
二、強(qiáng)調(diào)路標(biāo)詞
強(qiáng)調(diào)路標(biāo)詞有助于考生對某一細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)的理解及加深認(rèn)識,往往其后跟的就是考點(diǎn),若對這些詞不敏感,答案往往就溜走了。而這些詞之間會進(jìn)行paraphrase(同義置換),需注意甄別。
☆ That is, That is to say, I mean, namely, in particular, specially
☆ especially, actually, to be exact, in other words, another way of sayingthis, Let’s put it this way, equally, etc.
三、順序路標(biāo)詞
對順序路標(biāo)詞的記憶有利于快速掌握speaker的節(jié)奏,以免跟丟題目。尤其是在流程圖一類的填空題中,或是描述實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟的獨(dú)白,這些詞可稱之為Markerwords/phrases, 有時(shí)根據(jù)此類詞可以判斷音調(diào)突然轉(zhuǎn)變,應(yīng)當(dāng)多加留心。
☆ first, first of all ,for a start, in the first place, to begin with...
second, followed by, third ,then , next , previously, before that finally,last, for one thing ,for another, meanwhile, until ,subsequently
☆ Now tell me ... And now (we will) ... Before I move on to ... Next, I’dlike to ... Right, so the first thing ... And what about...? Well, that’s aboutit, except for ... I’d like not to move on to ... One more thing Finally, canyou tell us...
四、因果路標(biāo)詞
說到因果關(guān)系,考生應(yīng)該非常熟悉了。關(guān)鍵是因果關(guān)系的句子很容易進(jìn)行句式的改換,即因果位置的互換??忌醋プ∫蚬械哪骋徊糠侄Х?,需引起注意。
☆ 其后跟“因”的信號詞: for, since, for the reason that, because, thanks to, owingto, due to, as a result of, originate from, etc.
☆ 其后跟“果”的信號詞: As a result, therefore, so, consequently, thus, lead to,result in, trigger, account for, give rise to, bring about, breed, etc.
五、總結(jié)路標(biāo)詞
在Speaker即將結(jié)束對話或獨(dú)白時(shí),往往會提到這類總結(jié)路標(biāo)詞。雖然位于最后,也是一個(gè)不容忽視的考點(diǎn)。
☆ in short , finally, therefore ,overall ,in summary, thus, on the whole,in brief, to conclude, to sum up, in a nutshell, consequently ,to sum up ,tosummarize ,in conclusion
六、轉(zhuǎn)折路標(biāo)詞
轉(zhuǎn)折路標(biāo)詞可以說是逢考必現(xiàn),也就是百分之百會考到,而且不止出現(xiàn)一次,所以要求考生熟練掌握。在課堂實(shí)踐教學(xué)中,發(fā)現(xiàn)有不少相當(dāng)聰明的同學(xué),沒有聽懂對話的意思,卻能準(zhǔn)確識別出轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,從而找到正確答案(尤其是選擇題)。所以當(dāng)聽到表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~或短語時(shí),考生一定要集中注意力,因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)speaker會提供新信息或完全相反的觀點(diǎn),也就是考點(diǎn)所在。需要引起注意的是,but一詞考試是會弱化的,類似于/b?/,所以考試時(shí)一定要仔細(xì)辨音。
☆ 強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折: but, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, yet,while, whereas
☆ 讓步:Although, though, even if, in spite of, despite
☆ 對比:by/in contrast, by comparison, as a matter of fact, instead,otherwise
Eg. Most people tend to book twenty-four hours in advance…however, theearliest you book a computer is forty-eight hours before you need it.
題目:Computer can be booked up to ___hours in advance.
如果注意到however一詞,可知第一個(gè)數(shù)字24小時(shí)是個(gè)陷阱,而正確答案應(yīng)為48小時(shí)。
最后再補(bǔ)充幾點(diǎn),語音信息在聽力語篇中也相當(dāng)重要。Speaker會將句子中考點(diǎn)單詞重讀,語調(diào)和語氣方面也會有所不同,考生可根據(jù)這些語音特征的變化來甄別重要信息。如在對話中,Speaker也會在此處放慢速度;若Speaker語氣是升調(diào)的,那么該地方就很有可能是雅思聽力設(shè)題的陷阱,因?yàn)檫@些詞往往是列舉,后面常出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折。對此,建議考生應(yīng)通過大量的真題練習(xí)來揣摩和適應(yīng)雅思考試語音的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律,以準(zhǔn)確獲取答題的關(guān)鍵信息。
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