四級常用語法精選 4

其他問題

書名, 國家名用單數(shù):

Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.

學(xué)科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數(shù).

many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式:

Many a person has had that kind of experience.

More than one person has involved in the case.

a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù), the number of后接單數(shù):

A number of books have been published on the subject.

The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.

one of those 后用單數(shù). 在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據(jù)先行詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式：

Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.

當(dāng)one 之前有the only 等限定詞和修飾語時(shí)，關(guān)系分句謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：

He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.

Ⅱ 非謂語動(dòng)詞

不定式

形式

主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式

一般式 to do to be done

完成式 to have done to have been done

進(jìn)行式 to be doing 完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing

完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作, 通常與主要謂語表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生. 假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)作, 在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生, 就要用不定式的完成式.

I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).

(比較: I am glad to see you.)

He is said to have written a new book about workers.

He pretended not to have seen me.

進(jìn)行式: 如果主要謂語表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時(shí), 不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 這時(shí)要用不定式的進(jìn)行式.

You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet.

We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.

He pretended to be listening attentively.

完成進(jìn)行式: 在謂語所表示的時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式.

The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.

We are happy to have been working with you.