40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.
[參考譯文]經濟學家們對英國和美國的有利的通貨膨脹數據尤其感到驚訝，因為傳統的計量方法顯示兩國的經濟，特別是美國的經濟，幾乎沒有生產蕭條的時候。
41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
[參考譯文]很不幸，這最令人震驚的解釋有一點缺陷。一些經濟學家認為世界經濟結構的強有力的變化已經結束了那個以經濟增長和通貨膨脹的歷史關聯為基礎的舊的經濟模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[參考譯文]例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--這些換宋的就是這么個疾病滋生的水庫，現在這個水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,
[參考譯文]企業(yè)重組的新方法--所有那些重新設計、縮小規(guī)模的做法--只是對一個經濟的整體生產力做出了一方面的貢獻。這種經濟還受許多其他因素的驅動，比如結合設備和機械上的投資、新技術，以及在教育和培訓上的投資。
44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
[參考譯文]他的同事邁克爾•比爾說，有太多的公司已經用一種機械的方式實行公司內部的重新設計，在沒有充分考慮長期贏利的能力下削減了成本。
45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
[參考譯文]科學衛(wèi)士們在會議上也表述了他們的關注，比如1995年在紐約市舉行的 "逃離科學與理性"會議，以及去年6 月在布法羅附近召開的"(錯誤)信息時代的科學"會議。
46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[參考譯文]一項關于1996年新聞報道的調查顯示，反科學的標簽還可以貼在許多其他團體身上，從提倡消滅最后存留的天花病毒的權威機構，到鼓吹削減基礎研究經費的共和黨人(都被貼上了反科學的標簽)。
47. The ’true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
[參考譯文]環(huán)境研究的先驅、斯坦福大學的保羅•厄爾里西認為，科學真正的敵人是那些對支持全球變暖、臭氧層損耗以及工業(yè)發(fā)展的其他后果的證據提出置疑的人。
48. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.
[參考譯文]這種發(fā)展--以及其對美國政治、經濟在未來幾年的潛在的強有力的影響一一使得南部在全國人口普查中有史以來首次成為美國人口最密集的地區(qū)。
49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
[參考譯文]他們常常選擇--現在依然這樣選擇--居住在那些氣候較為寒冷的地區(qū)， 比如俄勒岡、愛達荷，還有阿拉斯加，為的是逃避煙霧、犯罪，以及"金州"(加利福尼亞)城市化進程中的其他問題。
50. As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970’s, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960’s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
[參考譯文]結果，加利福尼亞的人口增長率在20世紀70年代時下降到了18.5％一稍高于60年代增長率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
