四六級聽力答題技巧之常用句式及短語(二)

二、日常用語(Everyday English)

日常問候用語是考生必須熟練運用的知識，這與考生的口語操練有很大關(guān)系。說促進(jìn)聽，是許多英語學(xué)習(xí)者的心得。而且日常問候要視人而定，如英國人見面談天氣，美國人見面問身體等。下面作詳細(xì)介紹：

1.問候類(Greetings)

英語中的問候用語非常繁多，正式的通常有：

How do you do ?(初次見面通常用語)

How are you?(比較熟悉的人之間用語)

How are you getting along with...?(你近來.。.可好?)

How are you doing?(您工作還順利吧?)

How is everything?(一切還好吧?)

How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christmas Day/weekend?(假期怎么樣?)

當(dāng)今美國社會流行口語用語，大致有：

What's up?(近來可忙?)

Hello?Hi?

What's going on ?(近來可好?)

How is life?

How is it going?anything new?

Pleased to meet you again!

對以上問候的對答通常有How do you do!

Fine!Thank you，and you?

Every is fine!

I'm just great!

Very(quite)well，thank you!

Couldn't be better，thank you!

Not bad!

Can't complain!

Just soso.

值得一提的是，隨著美語越來越廣泛地滲透，聽力中用美語朗讀且以美國社會為背景的題材的趨勢愈加明顯?？忌⒁馊粘？谡Z對話，及時吸取信息，將對聽力有很大的幫助。請看下面的對話：

A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?

B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven't seen you for ages, but how are you?

A：Fine, I'm just fine, Ms Lucy...

2.告別類(Farewell)

有聚總有散。告別情景的設(shè)置往往并非簡單、直接地告別，常伴隨著理由、托辭等。直接的告別話語有：

Good bye! (Bye?bye! Bye!)

See you (tomorrow)! See you later!

So long! Farewell!

委婉的告別辭有：

I'd like to say goodbye to everyone.

I'm afraid I must be going now.

I'm calling to say goodbye.

其他帶有祝愿以及叮囑等的告別辭有：

I'll look forward to seeing you soon.

Let's hope we'll meet again.

Hope to see you again.

Drop in anytime you like.

Mind how you go, bye!

Take care of yourself, and don't forget to keep in touch.

Do keep in touch!

My regards to your family.

A pleasant journey to you!

I'll miss you!

Be Good!

這種表達(dá)方式與中國人的日常言談頗為相似，所以有時不妨可作大膽推測。

請在下面的對話中對此加以體會：

M: I'm afraid I've got to go now。

W: Can't you stay just another minute?

M: Oh, dear, I really have to...

W: Ok, take care of yourself, and I will miss you. Bye!

M: Bye!...

3. 介紹(Introduction)

在日常生活中我們會經(jīng)常碰到一些朋友小聚會，生日晚會等場面。在這些活動中，總會有一些我們不認(rèn)識的人，因而互相介紹在這里就顯得非常的重要。在聽力中，人物介紹往往是一句帶過，因此通過這些有限句子弄清人物關(guān)系十分重要。同時要注意語氣的委婉。

英語中介紹性的語句通常有：

May I know your name?(請問貴姓?)

It's my pleasure to introduce you to each other。(我非常高興給你們互相介紹)

May I introduce Mr. Bill to you all?(請允許我給大家介紹以下比爾先生)

Margaret，can you introduce me to her?(瑪格麗特，你能不能把我介紹給她?)

Let me introduce you to others。(讓我給大家介紹一下你吧)

Meet my sister Cathy。(這是我的姐(妹)凱絲)

Bill, this is Tom.

Hi, I'm Susan，this is my calling card。(你好!我是蘇珊，這是我的名片)

下面是對話：

A: Mum, this is Peter. I mentioned him to you yesterday. He is my new boyfriend!

B: Oh, yeah, I see. Glad to meet you, Peter.

C: Glad to meet you too, Mrs Back. This is my calling card.

B: Oh, the manager of IMC. How come? Mary, you said last night he was only a milkman…

A: Yeah, mum. Peter is a milkman. He is the manager of International Milk Corporation. You see, he is the only person in his corporation he founded this morning.

B: My God!

4. 邀請和拜訪(Invitation and dropping in)

我們在日常生活中，經(jīng)常會邀請他人或被邀請一起去做一些事，如參加一些朋友的聚會、拜訪長輩或名人。英美人說話很委婉，要注意情態(tài)動詞與固定句型的應(yīng)用。邀請有書面的，也有口頭的。英語中常用的邀請語有

Would you like to come over our small party?(你愿意參加我們的小聚會嗎?)

If you ever in Beijing, please do look me up。(如果你來北京，請一定來看我)

Would you like to join us?(喜歡和我們一起嗎?)

Shall we dance?(我們可以跳個舞嗎?)

Shall we go for a walk?(去散步，好嗎?)

What about another coffee? (再來一杯咖啡?)

Shall we go to see a film?(去看電影，好嗎?)

May I have a dance with you?(可以請你跳個舞嗎?)

We'd be very honored if you come to our wedding ceremony。(如果你能參加婚禮，我們將感到非常的榮幸。)

Would you honor us with a visit?(可否賞光來我們這兒?)

I'd like to invite you to attend our graduation ceremony。(我希望你能參加我們的畢業(yè)典禮。)

I'm very sorry， but can we make it another time?(很對不起，下次可以嗎?)

Welcome to our city!(歡迎光臨我們的城市!)

Are you free this evening? I want to pay you a visit。(晚上有時間嗎? 我想去看你。)

I really can't thank you enough for the invitation。(得到你的邀請， 我感激涕零。)

It's my great honor to attend this grand graduation ceremony。(能參加這次盛大的畢業(yè)典禮，我感到非常的榮幸。)

對于別人邀請的回答要注意分寸，也要禮貌對待?？傊?，"客套"是此類對話的本質(zhì)。在聽力題目的情景對話中，邀請的日常用語也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。下面是一些模擬聽力對話：

Dialogue 1

M: Will you do me the honor of dancing with me, Mrs. Jones?

W: Oh, I'm really sorry. I've done too much of it.

M: Ok, I see...

Dialogue 2

M: Would you like to see a film with me tonight?

W: Oh, it is great.

Dialogue 3

M: How about have a drink in that bar?

W: I'm afraid I can't...