卡耐基演講·五、使聲音更有力、更富彈性

當(dāng)我們把自己的思想同聽(tīng)眾進(jìn)行溝通的時(shí)候，要利用我們的整個(gè)的發(fā)音器官和身體的其他部分。我們會(huì)聳肩、揮動(dòng)手臂、皺眉、增大音量、改變音調(diào)，根據(jù)場(chǎng)合與題材或快或慢。不過(guò)最好要明白，這都是效果而不是原因。音調(diào)的轉(zhuǎn)變調(diào)節(jié)，其實(shí)是受到了我們精神和情緒狀態(tài)的影響。這就是在演講前，一定要了解并對(duì)題目產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣的緣故。同時(shí)，這也是為什么我們要熱切地與聽(tīng)眾談?wù)擃}目的緣故。When we are really communicating our ideas to our listeners we are making use of many elements of vocal and physical variety. We shrug our shoulders, move our arms, wrinkle our brows, increase our volume, change pitch and inflection, and talk fast or slow as the occasion and the material may dictate. It is well to remember that all these are effects and not causes. The so-called variables, or modulations of tone. are under the direct influence of our mental and emotional state. That is why it is so important that we have a topic we know and a topic we are excited about when we go before an audience. That is why we must be so eager to share that topic with our listeners.

隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，多數(shù)人都失去年幼時(shí)的純真和自然，我們不知不覺(jué)地落入固定的身體和聲音溝通的模式中。說(shuō)話越來(lái)越?jīng)]有生氣，也越來(lái)越不肯使用手勢(shì)，更不去抑揚(yáng)頓挫地變換音量的高低。一句話，我們失去了存在于真正的交談里的鮮活和自然。也許我們養(yǎng)成了說(shuō)話太快或太慢的習(xí)慣，同時(shí)在遣詞造句方面，一不小心就散亂無(wú)序。我一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)要自然，說(shuō)不定你誤以為我會(huì)寬恕拙劣的遣詞造句，或單調(diào)無(wú)聊的表達(dá)方式。恰恰相反，我要的是自然，是把自己的理念完整地全神投入地表達(dá)出來(lái)。另一方面，好的演講家絕不肯承認(rèn)自己已經(jīng)不能再吸收新的詞匯，再無(wú)法豐富意象和措辭，或再無(wú)法變化表達(dá)的形式，或再不能增強(qiáng)表達(dá)的效力。這些都是有志于精益求精的人尋求自我磨煉的礪石。Since most of us lose the spontaneity and naturalness of youth as we grow older, we tend to slip into a definite mold of physical and vocal communication. We find ourselves less ready to use gestures and animation; we rarely raise or lower our voices from one pitch to another, In short, we lose the freshness and spontaneity of true conversation. We may get into the habit of talking too slowly or too rapidly, and our diction, unless carefully watched, tends to become ragged and careless. In this book you have been repeatedly told to act natural, and you may suppose that I therefore condone poor diction or monotonous delivery provided it is natural. On the contrary, I say that we should be natural in the sense that we express our ideas and express them with spirit. On the other hand, every good speaker will not accept himself as incapable of improvement in breadth of vocabulary, richness of imagery and diction, and variety and force of expression. These are areas in which everyone interested in self-improvement will seek to improve.

你最好借助錄音機(jī)等設(shè)備測(cè)試一下自己的音量、音調(diào)的變化和速度。請(qǐng)朋友評(píng)價(jià)一下也很有用，如果有專家指點(diǎn)更好。不過(guò)，這些都是把聽(tīng)眾除外的練習(xí)，因此要想象自己是在聽(tīng)眾面前講演，這樣的練習(xí)會(huì)更有效。當(dāng)你站在聽(tīng)眾面前，就要把自己專注于講演中，集中精力對(duì)聽(tīng)眾形成心理與感情上的沖擊，那么你可以講得比聽(tīng)眾從書(shū)本上感受到的更強(qiáng)勁、更有力。It is an excellent idea to evaluate oneself in terms of volume, pitch variation, and pace. This can be done with the aid of a tape recorder. On the other hand, it would be useful to have friends help you make this evaluation. If it is possible to secure expert advice, so much the better. It should be remembered, however, that these are areas for practice away from the audience. To concern yourself with technique when you are before an audience will prove fatal to effectiveness. Once there, pour yourself into your talk, concentrate your whole being on making a mental and emotional impact on your audience, and nine chances out of ten you will speak with more emphasis and force than you could ever get from books.