卡耐基演講·六、切莫信口開河

不著邊際地胡扯瞎說，用不合邏輯的方式把本不相關(guān)又無意義的事拉在一塊，這樣做是不行的。你必須圍繞著一個中心，對自己的理念進行合理歸納。這個中心思想，必須就是你要說明的。舉的事例要和這個中心一致。同時，再提醒一次，如果你能抱著真誠來講演，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的演講，充滿激情、效果顯著，是有準備的演講都不能企及的。牢記這些建議，即席演講就可以得心應(yīng)手，無往而不勝了。同時，還要按照本章前面的課堂訓(xùn)練技巧，勤加練習(xí)。There is a difference as implied in the statement above. It is not enough just to ramble on and string together a series of disconnected nothings on a flimsy thread of inconsequence. You must keep your ideas logically grouped around a central thought which might well be the point you want to get across. Your examples will cohere to this central idea. And again, if you speak with enthusiasm, you will find that what you say off the cuff has a vitality and punch that your prepared talks do not have.You can become a competent impromptu speaker if you take to heart some of the suggestions made in this chapter. You can practice along lines of the classroom techniques explained in the early part of this chapter.

遇有集會時，事前稍作計劃，留意隨時被人邀請講演的可能性。如果可能會被邀請，那最好仔細留心別的演講人。設(shè)法把自己的理念概括成簡潔的幾句話，時候一到，就盡量把它簡單明了地講出來。事前已經(jīng)對主題思考完畢主題，那么講的時候就只需要簡明地敘述就可以了。At a meeting you can do a little preliminary planning and you can keep yourself aware of the possibility of being called upon at any moment. If you think you may be asked to contribute your comments or suggestions, pay careful attention to the other speakers. Try to be ready to condense your ideas into a few words. When the time comes, say what you have in mind as plainly as you can. Your views have been sought. Give them briefly, and sit down.

建筑師兼工業(yè)設(shè)計家諾曼·貝格德常說，如果不站起來，他簡直就不能把思想表達出來。當他在辦公室里向同僚說明某個建筑或展覽的計劃時，總得踱來踱去才能講得清楚。他所要學(xué)的，竟然是怎樣坐著講話。當然啦，他學(xué)會啦！Norman Bel-Geddes, the architect and industrial designer, used to say that he couldn't put his thoughts into words unless he was on his feet. Pacing up and down his office, as he talked to associates about complex plans for building or exhibit, he was at his best. He had to learn how to speak when sitting down, and of course he did.

至于我們大多數(shù)的人，剛剛相反——我們得學(xué)會站著講話。我們應(yīng)該也能學(xué)會，主要的訣竅就是要有個開端——作個簡短的講話——然后再有另一個開端，又一個，再一個，持續(xù)地努力下去。With most of us, it's the other way around; we have to learn to speak standing up, and of course we can. The chief secret lies in making a start-giving one short talk-and then making another start, and another, and another.

我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，一場比一場輕松，一場比一場精彩。最后終于明白，即席演講，其實不過是在自己的客廳里對朋友即興談話的擴大化而已。We will find that each successive talk comes more easily. Each talk will be better than its predecessors. We will realize in the end speaking impromptu to a group is merely an extension of the same thing we do when we speak impromptu to friends in our living room.