卡耐基演講·2.指名點(diǎn)姓，使講演生動(dòng)化

如果在講故事的時(shí)候要提到某個(gè)人，不管怎么樣，講出他的名字最好。就算為了尊重別人的隱私，也最好杜撰一個(gè)假名。即使你使用的像“史密斯先生”或“喬·柏朗”等不具個(gè)人特性的名字，也比使用“這個(gè)人”或“一個(gè)人”能使故事更生動(dòng)。姓氏人名有認(rèn)證和顯現(xiàn)個(gè)體的功能，就像魯多夫·弗烈區(qū)指出的一樣：“沒(méi)有什么比名字更能增添故事的真實(shí)性了。掩名隱姓，最虛假不過(guò)了。想一想，如果故事里的主角沒(méi)名沒(méi)姓，會(huì)成什么樣子？”By all means, when you tell stories involving others, use their names, or, if you want to protect their identity, use fictitious names. Even impersonal names like "Mr. Smith" or "Joe Brown" are far more descriptive than "this man" or "a person." The label identifies and individualizes. As Rudolf Flesch points out, "Nothing adds more realism to a story than names; nothing is as unrealistic as anonymity." Imagine a story whose hero has no name.

你只要在自己的講演中使用了具體的名字與個(gè)人的代稱(chēng)，就可以認(rèn)定自己的講演有很高的可聽(tīng)性，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)具備了人情味兒這一可貴的要素了。If your talk is full of names and personal pronouns you can be sure of high listenability, for you will have the priceless ingredient of human interest in your speech.