飲食失調(diào)與控制體重?zé)o關(guān)

什么是進(jìn)食障礙?

Eating disorders fall into three basic categories: disorders of restriction, or anorexia; bingeing, known medically as binge eating disorder; and bingeing followed by compensation—such as self-induced vomiting—which is called bulimia.

進(jìn)食障礙可分為三種基本類型:限制障礙或厭食癥;暴飲暴食，醫(yī)學(xué)上稱為暴飲暴食癥;接著是暴飲暴食，然后是補(bǔ)償——比如自我誘發(fā)的嘔吐——這被稱為暴食癥。

Unpacked further, restriction means limiting calories so much that weight loss is more than expected for a given height and weight. This doesn’t necessarily mean the person will appear emaciated. Someone who was at the 90th percentile for weight, for example, could still be considered anorexic if they reduced their weight to the 70th percentile.

更進(jìn)一步的，限制意味著限制熱量的攝入，對(duì)于給定的身高和體重來(lái)說(shuō)，減肥的效果比預(yù)期的要好。這并不一定意味著這個(gè)人會(huì)顯得憔悴。例如，體重排在第90百分位的人，如果他們把體重減到第70百分位，仍然會(huì)被認(rèn)為是厭食癥患者。

Bingeing is more than simply overeating. It’s out-of-control eating, leading to extreme feelings of fullness and guilt, typically within a couple of hours after a meal. By bingeing, a person can check out of life circumstances to focus only on food.

暴飲暴食不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的暴飲暴食。這是一種失控的進(jìn)食，會(huì)導(dǎo)致極度的飽足感和負(fù)罪感，尤其是在飯后幾小時(shí)內(nèi)。通過(guò)暴飲暴食，一個(gè)人可以脫離生活環(huán)境，只關(guān)注食物。

With bulimia, a binge is followed by an action to compensate for the calories consumed. Purging is one of them, but there are others, including exercise taken to an extreme. Although exercise is often overlooked as a form of compensation, a person addicted to it has more than three-and-a-half times the likelihood to be diagnosed with an eating disorder than a person a without one.

對(duì)于暴食癥，暴食之后會(huì)有一個(gè)動(dòng)作來(lái)補(bǔ)償所消耗的卡路里。凈化是其中之一，但還有其他的，包括極端的鍛煉。雖然運(yùn)動(dòng)常常被忽視為一種補(bǔ)償形式，但一個(gè)沉迷于運(yùn)動(dòng)的人被診斷為飲食失調(diào)的可能性是一個(gè)沒(méi)有飲食失調(diào)的人的3.5倍以上。

It should be emphasized that not all of these disorders always result in weight loss. Those with binge eating disorder and bulimia may be at or above expected weight.

應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，并不是所有這些疾病都能導(dǎo)致體重減輕。那些患有暴食癥和暴食癥的人可能達(dá)到或超過(guò)預(yù)期體重。

The root of an eating disorder

飲食失調(diào)的根源

Eating disorders aren’t about managing weight. Rather, they’re a way to manage emotions. When my clients describe what it’s like to restrict themselves from food, they often talk of being “empty” and feeling “numb” to the world.

飲食失調(diào)與控制體重?zé)o關(guān)。相反，它們是一種管理情緒的方式。當(dāng)我的客戶描述不吃東西是什么感覺(jué)時(shí)，他們經(jīng)常說(shuō)自己“空虛”，對(duì)世界感覺(jué)“麻木”。

Take someone dealing with a trifecta of guilt, shame, and embarrassment. Bingeing is exceedingly effective at burying these emotions. So is compensation, a tool to give the sufferer a break from the emotional turmoil. The relief they receive is a reinforcer, and it’s extraordinarily powerful. Purging, overeating, compensating—it all feels good. Very quickly, the pattern is repeated.

就拿一個(gè)要同時(shí)面對(duì)內(nèi)疚、羞恥和尷尬的人來(lái)說(shuō)。暴飲暴食對(duì)埋葬這些情緒非常有效。補(bǔ)償也是如此，它是一種讓患者從情緒混亂中解脫出來(lái)的工具。他們得到的安慰是一種激勵(lì)，而且這種激勵(lì)非常強(qiáng)大。排便、暴飲暴食、補(bǔ)償——這一切都讓人感覺(jué)良好。很快，這個(gè)模式就重復(fù)了。