資產(chǎn)負債表在財務(wù)報表中的作用

The Role of the Balance Sheet In the Financial Statements 

資產(chǎn)負債表在財務(wù)報表中的作用

For every business, there are three important financial statements you must examine:

對于每一個投資產(chǎn)品而言，都有三個你必須要看的重要的財務(wù)報表：

•The Balance Sheet - The balance sheet tells investors how much money a company or institution has (assets), how much it owes (liabilities), and what is left when you net the two together (net worth, book value, or shareholder equity).  In this lesson, we are going to learn to analyze a balance sheet.

•資產(chǎn)負債表——資產(chǎn)負債表告訴投資者一家公司或機構(gòu)有多少錢（資產(chǎn)）、欠多少錢（負債）、二者加一起剩多少（凈值、賬面價值或股東權(quán)益）。這一課我們要學(xué)會分析資產(chǎn)負債表。

•The Income Statement - The income statement is a record of the company's profitability. It tells you how much money a corporation made (or lost).

•損益表——損益表記錄公司收益，告訴你公司賺（或虧）多少錢。

•The Cash Flow Statement - The cash flow statement is a record of the actual changes in cash compared to the income statement. It shows you where the cash was brought in and where the cash was disbursed.

•現(xiàn)金流量表——相比損益表，現(xiàn)金流量表記錄現(xiàn)金的實際變化，體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流入來源和去向。

Accounting is the language of business and these three financial statements, the balance sheet among them, are the report card. From the balance sheet, we can learn:

會計是一種商業(yè)語言，這三種財務(wù)報表包括其中的資產(chǎn)負債表是成績單。從資產(chǎn)負債表中我們能了解到：

•How much debt the business has relative to its equity

•相對于權(quán)益該產(chǎn)品有多少負債

•How quickly customers are paying their bills.

•客戶支付賬單的速度

•Whether short-term cash is declining or increasing.

•短期現(xiàn)金正在減少還是增加

•The percentage of assets that are tangible (factories, plants, machinery) and how much comes from accounting transactions.

•有形資產(chǎn)（工廠、車間、機器）比重以及有多少來自財務(wù)交易

•Whether products are being returned at higher-than-average historical rates.

•產(chǎn)品返廠率是否高于歷史平均比率。

•How many days it takes, on average, to sell the inventory the business keeps on hand.

•該公司賣出手里的庫存平均要多少天。

•Whether the research and development budget is producing good results.

•產(chǎn)品研發(fā)預(yù)算是否花得其所

•Whether the interest coverage ratio on the bonds is declining.

•債券利息補償率是否在下降

•The average interest rate a company is paying on its debt.

•公司還債的平均利率

•Where profits are being spent or reinvested.

•賺得的利潤花在哪兒或重新投在哪兒