又到一年飛絮季 北京繪“楊柳地圖”

又到了每年的飛絮季節(jié)，出趟門，像是在大雪天里行走。尤其是對(duì)過(guò)敏性鼻炎患者來(lái)說(shuō)，在漫天飛絮中一邊擦鼻涕，一邊打噴嚏，畫面簡(jiǎn)直不要太美。

為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一狀況，北京市已經(jīng)繪制了在春天造成大范圍飛絮的楊柳樹雌株分布地圖，力爭(zhēng)到2020年使楊柳飛絮明顯改善。

 

 

[Photo/Xinhua]

Beijing has mapped its female poplar and willow trees to try to contain catkins that descend on the city each spring.

北京已經(jīng)繪制了楊柳樹雌株的分布地圖，試圖控制在每年春天都出現(xiàn)的柳樹和楊樹飛絮。

catkin['kætk?n]：n. [植]柔荑花序(如柳絮等)

The Chinese capital has been blanketed by catkins each spring for decades.

幾十年來(lái)，北京每年春天都深受楊柳飛絮的困擾。

The trees were planted in the 1960s and 1970s as a cheap, easy-to-maintain and quick-growing way to make Beijing greener.

這些樹木是在上世紀(jì)六七十年代種植的，因?yàn)檫@種綠化樹木對(duì)北京來(lái)說(shuō)價(jià)格便宜、易于維護(hù)而又生長(zhǎng)快速。

Female trees look very similar to the males. The capital’s parks authority began a survey in 2017 to find out where female willows and poplars were planted so it could neutralize the catkins and go some way to sparing citizens weeks of sneezing and watery eyes as pollen spread, Beijing Youth Daily reported on Monday.

雌株從外觀看起來(lái)與雄株非常相似。據(jù)《北京青年報(bào)》本周一報(bào)道，北京市公園管理部門2017年開始進(jìn)行調(diào)查，以確定楊柳樹雌株都分布在哪里，這樣就可以控制飛絮，從而在一定程度上讓市民免受數(shù)周花粉傳播導(dǎo)致的打噴嚏和流眼淚等癥狀困擾。

neutralize['nju:tr?laiz]：vt.中和;使無(wú)效

Aerial photography was used, with urban areas inside the Fifth Ring Road – where most of the city’s population lives – divided into 2,866 grids, each of 250,000 square meters, Qin Yongsheng, an official with the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau, said.

北京市林業(yè)工作總站副站長(zhǎng)秦永勝說(shuō)，調(diào)查人員采用航拍技術(shù)，把五環(huán)內(nèi)城區(qū)劃分成2866張航片網(wǎng)格圖。每個(gè)網(wǎng)格的范圍是25萬(wàn)平方米。北京市絕大多數(shù)市民都生活在五環(huán)內(nèi)。

Three hundred students from Beijing Forestry University trained to identify the female varieties plotted the trees’ locations by species and growth, and marked them for follow-up action if required.

北京林業(yè)大學(xué)的300名經(jīng)過(guò)培訓(xùn)的學(xué)生擔(dān)任了此次的調(diào)查人員，他們按照種類和生長(zhǎng)速度確定楊柳樹雌株的分布，并標(biāo)記位置，為后續(xù)行動(dòng)做準(zhǔn)備。

The survey found there were 284,000 female willows and poplars inside the Fifth Ring Road, with nearly 38 percent in the Chaoyang district. In some areas, there were about 10,000 such trees within one grid, with the highest densities found in the southwest of the city, between the Fourth and Fifth ring roads.

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，北京五環(huán)內(nèi)共有楊柳樹雌株28.4萬(wàn)株，其中近38%在朝陽(yáng)區(qū)。在一些地區(qū)，一個(gè)網(wǎng)格內(nèi)大約有1萬(wàn)株雌株，密度最高的是在北京西南四環(huán)和五環(huán)之間。

Up to 60 percent of the poplar trees are growing well, and that means they produce catkins.

其中多達(dá)60%的楊樹生長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)良好，也就意味著它們能產(chǎn)生很多楊絮。

“The higher the density, the more serious the catkin phenomenon,” Qin was quoted as saying.

“密度越高，飛絮現(xiàn)象就越嚴(yán)重，”秦永勝說(shuō)。

The parks authority tried using inhibitors to curb budding last year but it did not work well, it said. Other measures have been introduced this year.

公園管理部門曾在去年嘗試使用抑制劑阻止雌株發(fā)芽，但沒(méi)有奏效。工作人員在今年還采取了其他措施。

inhibitor [?n'h?b?t?]：n. [助劑]抑制劑，抗化劑

“We have trimmed some branches. We will also use high-pressure water guns to take down the seeds and sweep them away,” Wang Xiaoping, another bureau official, was quoted as saying. “We aim to significantly improve the catkin situation by 2020.”

據(jù)報(bào)道，北京市園林綠化局副巡視員王小平說(shuō)：“園林工人已經(jīng)對(duì)楊樹和柳樹的枝條進(jìn)行修剪，還用高壓噴霧車對(duì)著樹冠沖洗，沖走楊柳絮，力爭(zhēng)到2020年使楊柳飛絮明顯改善。”

除此以外，還可以對(duì)柳樹采用高位嫁接(top grafting)，將雌株變成雄株，以變性來(lái)達(dá)到絕育目的，相當(dāng)于給柳樹做了絕育手術(shù)(sterilization surgery)。

既然楊柳絮這么惱人，能不能把楊樹柳樹都砍了呢?

Beijing has banned the planting of female poplars and has decided to increase the diversity of trees used in landscaping, but it has ruled out felling poplars and willows as they are a big part of the capital’s streetscapes and have adapted well to the environment.

北京已禁止種植雌株楊樹，并決定增加園林綠化樹木的多樣性。但由于楊樹和柳樹是北京街景很重要的一部分，且對(duì)環(huán)境適應(yīng)良好，北京已排除了砍伐楊樹和柳樹的可能性。

中國(guó)工程院院士、著名林學(xué)家沈國(guó)舫表示，楊柳樹的生態(tài)作用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于飛絮的影響，治理?xiàng)盍w絮千萬(wàn)不能一砍了之。目前北京楊柳樹品種數(shù)量很多，且大都已經(jīng)形成大樹，如果大量伐除這些樹木，不僅會(huì)引起城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量和景觀的下降(damage environmental quality and urban landscape)，還會(huì)造成更為嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)損失(ecological loss)。

除了具有良好的景觀效果，楊柳樹還具有釋氧固碳(oxygen releasing and carbon fixation)，降溫增濕(cooling and humidification)、減菌殺菌(reducing and killing bacteria)，吸收有毒有害物質(zhì)等顯著的生態(tài)功能。據(jù)介紹，楊樹和柳樹具有顯著的抗大氣污染的能力，對(duì)有害氣體(hazardous gas)、顆粒物(particles)及重金屬(heavy metal)的抗性和吸收吸附能力極強(qiáng)，是城市園林綠化的優(yōu)良抗污樹種(pollution-resistant tree species)，在抗大氣污染的某些能力方面優(yōu)于國(guó)槐和側(cè)柏。

 

 

The government will also start a citywide inspection of the fire risks that come with catkins.

政府還將開展全市范圍的楊柳絮火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大檢查。

High-pressure water jets will be used to reduce floating catkins, and officials have asked the urban cleaning department to clear away the debris in a timely manner.

工作人員將使用高壓水槍減少飛絮，政府已要求環(huán)衛(wèi)部門及時(shí)清理地面毛絮。

Cao Xiaojia, a doctor specializing in skin diseases at Chinese People's Liberation Army 306 Hospital in Beijing, said willow seeds are a common allergen in spring, with patients displaying symptoms such as red and itchy skin.

北京市解放軍第306醫(yī)院的皮膚病醫(yī)生曹曉佳說(shuō)，在春天，柳絮是常見(jiàn)的過(guò)敏原，很多病人表現(xiàn)出皮膚發(fā)紅瘙癢等癥狀。

allergen ['æl?d?(?)n]：n. [醫(yī)]過(guò)敏原

"Those who are sensitive should take precautions such as wearing a mask when going out and avoiding eating spicy food," she said.

她說(shuō)：“對(duì)其敏感的人們要采取防范措施，比如外出戴口罩，避免吃辛辣食物。”