早餐吃什么的重要性

It's long been lauded as the most important meal of the day.And now the value of breakfast is back on the menu, with research showing the shocking effects of an unhealthy start to the day.

早餐一直被視為一天中最重要的一餐，研究結(jié)果顯示的不健康早餐帶來的嚴重危害使得早餐的價值更為突出。

One study, carried out at Macquarie University in Sydney, found that eating a high-fat, high-sugar breakfast for just four days could lead to significant brain changes.

悉尼一所大學(xué)進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，高脂肪、高糖分的早餐只需四頓就會使大腦發(fā)生明顯的變化。

These changes result in learning and memory deficits similar to those seen in overweight and obese people.

這種變化會導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)像超重、肥胖人群那樣的學(xué)習(xí)能力和記憶的缺陷。

One hundred and two lean, healthy people ate either a high-fat, high-sugar breakfast or a healthier alternative for four consecutive days.

102名清瘦健康的參與者，分成連續(xù)四天吃高脂肪、高糖分的不健康早餐和健康早餐的兩組。

Those consuming the unhealthy breakfast had a toasted sandwich and a chocolate milkshake.

不健康早餐組選用烤土司三明治及巧克力奶昔;

The remaining healthier eaters consumed either a more nutritious variation of the same meal or a half portion of it.

健康早餐組采用營養(yǎng)多樣化的食物或分量減半的方式。

Memory and learning tests were completed before and after breakfast on days one and four.

在實驗的第一天早餐前和第四天早餐后分別進行了記憶和學(xué)習(xí)測驗，

Results showed those who ate a fatty, sugary breakfast scored worse on the tests.

而測試結(jié)果顯示，食用不健康早餐一組的測試者的分數(shù)更差。

This is thought to be due to unhealthy breakfasts causing a spike in a person's blood sugar levels, which may impact their memory and cognitive function.

研究者認為這是由于不健康的早餐造成了血糖的飆升，而這會進一步影響人的記憶力和認知能力。

'Fluctuations in blood glucose levels may impair glucose metabolism and insulin signalling in the brain,' Dominic Tran, a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Sydney, wrote in The Conversation.Those who ate the sugary, fatty meal were also less able to distinguish between hunger and fullness.

“血糖水平的波動可能會損害葡萄糖代謝及影響腦胰島素信號，”悉尼大學(xué)博士后研究員Dominic Tran提到，不健康的早餐還會影響人們對饑餓與飽腹的判斷，

This is thought to be due to the region of the brain that controls blood sugar levels, known as the hippocampus, also playing a role in appetite.

這被認為是由于大腦中控制血糖的區(qū)域(也就是海馬體)也會影響人的食欲。

A separate University of Oxford study produced similar results.

牛津大學(xué)的一項研究也得到了相似的結(jié)論。

The research found that otherwise healthy adults who ate a high-fat diet for just five days also had impaired attention and memory function compared to those who had low-fat meals.

這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于健康的成年人，與低脂肪飲食的人群相比，只需五天高脂肪的飲食，注意力和記憶力就會受到損害。

Sixteen men aged 19-to-28 ate either a high-fat, low-carb diet or a healthy eating regimen for five days. The diets were personalised to each participant and overseen by a dietitian.

16位19到28歲之間的男性測試者，分別采用高脂肪低碳水的不健康飲食方案和健康飲食方案五天。飲食方案針對每個參與者專門設(shè)計，并由營養(yǎng)師監(jiān)督。

The unhealthy eating plans were made up of 70 per cent fat, four per cent carbohydrates and 26 per cent protein.

不健康的飲食計劃中含70%的脂肪、4%碳水化合物和26%蛋白質(zhì);

This was compared to 50 per cent carbohydrate, 24 per cent fat and 26 per cent protein in the healthier diet.

而健康飲食安排中含50%碳水化合物、24%脂肪和26%蛋白質(zhì)。

Each morning, the men gave blood samples and completed cognitive tests.

每天早上，參與者都會提供血樣并完成認知測試。

Results showed the amount of circulating fat in the bloodstreams of the unhealthy eaters was 44 per cent higher than in the other participants.

結(jié)果顯示，不健康飲食者血液循環(huán)中的脂肪含量高于健康飲食者44%。

Their concentration, speed of memory and ability to recall information also suffered.

而他們的注意力、記憶速度和回想信息的能力都受到了影響。

The study was published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

這項研究刊登在美國臨床營養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志中。