西班牙科學(xué)家3D打印“素食牛排” 賣相和味道一言難盡

一種新的素食牛排近日在西班牙誕生，雖然這種“牛排”的味道和真牛排差距甚遠(yuǎn)，但是“肉”的質(zhì)感卻模仿得很到位，而且據(jù)說很好煎，既不會粘鍋也不會燒焦，就是賣相差了點(diǎn)。

Vegetarian steaks and chicken produced by a 3D printer are on the menu in Barcelona thanks to the efforts of an Italian scientist - but he admits more work is needed to make them look tasty on the plate.

在一名意大利科學(xué)家的努力下，用3D打印機(jī)制出的素食牛排和雞肉終于上了巴塞羅那的餐廳菜單——不過這位科學(xué)家承認(rèn)，目前這種食品的賣相欠佳，還需繼續(xù)努力。

Giuseppe Scionti, a researcher from Milan, has developed the meat-free food using protein powder from rice or peas and components of seaweed.

來自米蘭的研究人員朱塞佩·西昂提用大米、豌豆中提取的蛋白粉和海藻成分為原料研發(fā)出了這種不含肉的食品。

Using CAD software Mr Scionti designed a program to turn the food products, which are inserted into a machine using a syringe, into a long micro-filament which is then shaped into a steak.

西昂提用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)軟件設(shè)計(jì)出制作食品的程序，然后用注射器將原料注入3D打印機(jī)，將其拉成長長的微絲然后壓制成牛排的形狀。

The product, which begins life as a 'straw-colored paste', is said to have a similar texture to genuine steaks and is designed to combat the environmental effect of meat production.

這種產(chǎn)品的最初形態(tài)是“草莓色的面團(tuán)”，據(jù)說和真牛排的質(zhì)地相近，設(shè)計(jì)初衷是為了抵制肉類生產(chǎn)對環(huán)境的危害。

The machine can produce almost a quarter of a pound of raw vegetarian steak in 30 to 50 minutes.

這種機(jī)器可以在30到50分鐘內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出0.25磅素食生牛排。

Mr Scionti has also developed a chicken substitute, using the 3D printer to create what he calls a 'fibrous plant-based chicken'.

西昂提還研發(fā)出了雞肉替代品，用3D打印機(jī)制造出了所謂的“基于纖維植物的雞肉”。

The Italian researcher developed his 3D printing machine at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain.

這位意大利研究人員在西班牙巴塞羅那的加泰羅尼亞理工大學(xué)研發(fā)出了自己的3D打印機(jī)。

Mr Scionti said he had already approached restaurant owners about selling his vegetarian food to customers.

他說，他已經(jīng)開始和一些餐館老板洽談，讓餐館向顧客們出售自己的素食食品。

He said chefs were 'interested in something that looks like a steak but tastes like a mushroom'.

他說，廚師們“對這種看起來像牛排但吃起來像蘑菇的東西很感興趣”。

The scientist told MailOnline: 'We ate them with multiple journalists, and they thought that the plant-based prototypes possessed a animal meat-like texture.

這位科學(xué)家告訴每日郵報(bào)網(wǎng)站說：“我們和多位記者一起吃過這種牛排，記者們認(rèn)為這種基于植物的食品擁有動物肉一般的質(zhì)感。”

'The taste of the first prototypes is good, but it does't mimic the taste of animal meat, yet.

“第一個(gè)原型的味道還行，但還不像動物肉。”

'However, that does not worry me, because the technologies to imitate the taste of animal meat have already been developed in the last years, while the main challenge for me was to obtain the animal meat-like consistency and texture, which was not invented yet.

“不過，我并沒有因此煩惱，因?yàn)槟７聞游锶馕兜赖乃厥臣夹g(shù)在過去幾年已經(jīng)被研究出來了，而對我而言，主要挑戰(zhàn)在于保持動物肉般的稠度和質(zhì)感，而這樣的技術(shù)尚未面世。”

'There is a great demand for hamburgers in the US, but in the Mediterranean area we usually prefer to eat a piece of actual fibrous meat, and not just products derived from minced meat.'

“在美國，人們對漢堡的需求量很大，但在地中海地區(qū)，我們一般更愛吃有纖維感的肉，而不是用絞碎的肉做出的產(chǎn)品。”

The ingredients were 'all natural, plant-based, non-GMO, and approved for food use anywhere in the world,' he said.

他說，該產(chǎn)品的成分是“純天然的、基于非轉(zhuǎn)基因植物并被核準(zhǔn)用于世界各地的食品中”。

He said he was aiming to reach the point where he could produce almost a quarter of a pound of plant-based meat in five to 10 minutes at a cost of less than 50 cents.

他表示，他的目標(biāo)是在5到10分鐘內(nèi)、用不到50美分的成本生產(chǎn)出0.25磅“素食肉”。

Mr Scionti said: We are getting closer to reaching Churchill's prediction in 1931, who said that "we shall escape the absurdity of growing a whole chicken in order to eat the breast or wing by growing these parts separately under a suitable medium".'

西昂提說，我們現(xiàn)在離丘吉爾1931年的預(yù)言越來越近，丘吉爾曾說過：“我們將不再為了吃雞胸肉或雞翅而荒唐地飼養(yǎng)一整只雞，而是將在合適的介質(zhì)中分別飼養(yǎng)這些部位。”

The objective was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, which represent 14.5 percent of the total greenhouse emissions caused by man, he said.

西昂提說，最終目標(biāo)是降低牲口產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體，這部分溫室氣體占據(jù)了人類導(dǎo)致的溫室氣體總排放量的14.5%。

He said the steak needed more work to look like a regular item on a restaurant menu.

他還說，素食牛排還需進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)，才能看起來像餐廳菜單上的尋常菜品。

'Its appearance can be improved with an investment of time and new prototypes, since this aspect is very important from the consumer's point of view,' he told Spanish newspaper El Pais.

西昂提告訴西班牙《國家報(bào)》說：“牛排的外觀可以通過投入時(shí)間、研發(fā)新品來改進(jìn)，因?yàn)槭称返馁u相對消費(fèi)者來說非常重要。”

He said the cost and time it currently takes to produce the steaks would fall when he started making them on a larger scale.

他說，等他開始大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)后，目前制作牛排所需的成本和時(shí)間都會下降。

A cook at the university said: 'They cook really well. They don't burn or stick to the pan.'

該大學(xué)的一名廚師說：“這種假牛排很好煎。它們不會燒焦，也不會粘鍋。”