常上夜班干擾身體節(jié)律 對(duì)腸胃破壞極大

Working night shifts can mess up the body's natural rhythms so much that the brain and digestive system end up completely out of kilter with one another, scientists say.

科學(xué)家們聲稱，上夜班可能會(huì)干擾身體的自然節(jié)律，從而導(dǎo)致大腦和消化系統(tǒng)變得完全格格不入。

Three night shifts in a row had little impact on the body's master clock in the brain, researchers found, but it played havoc with gut function, throwing the natural cycle out by a full 12 hours.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，連續(xù)三個(gè)夜班對(duì)大腦中的身體主時(shí)鐘沒有多少影響，但它對(duì)腸胃功能造成了巨大破壞，讓有關(guān)的自然周期出現(xiàn)了整整12小時(shí)的偏差。

The finding highlights the dramatic impact that night shifts can have on the different clocks that govern the natural rhythms of organs and systems throughout the human body.

這些發(fā)現(xiàn)凸顯了夜班對(duì)自然節(jié)律(負(fù)責(zé)管理人體各個(gè)器官與系統(tǒng))的不同生物鐘的巨大影響。

Internal disagreements over night and day may explain why people on night shifts, and those with jet lag, can suffer stomach pains and other gut problems, which clear up once their body has had time to adjust.

人體內(nèi)部有關(guān)白天與黑夜的不一致性，或許可以解釋為什么上夜班和倒時(shí)差的人可能出現(xiàn)胃痛或其他腸胃問題。一旦他們的身體有時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整，這些癥狀就會(huì)消失。

"One of the first symptoms people experience when traveling across time zones is gastrointestinal discomfort and that's because you knock their gut out of sync from their central biological clock," said Hans Van Dongen, director of the Sleep and Performance Research Center at Washington State University.

美國華盛頓州立大學(xué)睡眠與體能研究中心主任漢斯·范東恩表示：“進(jìn)行跨時(shí)區(qū)旅行時(shí)，人們最先出現(xiàn)的癥狀之一是胃腸不適。這是因?yàn)?，此時(shí)胃腸的生物鐘同人體中央生物鐘之間的同步性被打亂了。”

 

For the study, Van Dongen invited 14 healthy volunteers aged 22 to 34 into his sleep lab and split them into two groups. The first spent three days on a simulated day shift and could sleep from 10pm to 6am each night. Those in the second group stayed awake for three nights in arow and were only allowed to sleep from 10am to 6pm.

為了進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究，范東恩邀請(qǐng)了14名健康的志愿者(年齡在22-34歲之間)進(jìn)入他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，并把他們分成兩組。第一組模擬上三天白班的情形。這組志愿者可以在晚上10點(diǎn)到次日早上6點(diǎn)睡覺。第二組志愿者則連續(xù)3個(gè)夜晚保持清醒，他們只能在上午10點(diǎn)到下午6點(diǎn)睡覺。

Over the next 24 hours, scientists took the volunteers' blood every three hours and sent the samples to the University of Surrey for analysis.

在接下來的24小時(shí)中，科學(xué)家每3小時(shí)采集一次志愿者的血樣，并將這些血樣送到英國薩里大學(xué)作分析。

There, researchers measured levels of hormones called melatonin and cortisol, which rise and fall according to the body's master clock, along with levels of metabolites linked to digestion.

在薩里大學(xué)，研究人員測量了褪黑素和皮質(zhì)醇的水平。這兩種荷爾蒙會(huì)根據(jù)身體的主時(shí)鐘增加和減少。研究人員還測量了同消化有關(guān)的代謝物的水平。

The results showed that three night shifts in a row moved the brain's master clock by abouttwo hours on average. But the impact on the digestive system's clock was profound, with thestint of night shifts knocking it out by 12 hours.

結(jié)果顯示，連續(xù)3個(gè)夜班讓大腦的主時(shí)鐘縮短了平均大約兩小時(shí)。但消化系統(tǒng)的生物鐘受到的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的，夜班讓它縮短了12小時(shí)。

Our bodies have a central master clock in the brain that draws on changes in ambient light to control when we wake up and when we fall asleep. But many other organs in the body have their own biological clocks, including the digestive system.

我們的大腦中有一個(gè)中央主時(shí)鐘，它會(huì)根據(jù)周圍光線的變化來控制人們何時(shí)醒來和入睡。不過，包括消化系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的身體很多其他器官有自己的生物鐘。

"When we looked at the data we saw the massive twelve hour shifts," said Van Dongen.

范東恩說稱：“當(dāng)我們查看數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，我們看到了大規(guī)模的12小時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換。”

The night shifts also disrupted the rhythms of two metabolites linked to chronic kidney disease.

此外，夜班還會(huì)干擾與慢性腎病有關(guān)的兩種代謝物的節(jié)律。

Debra Skene, the first author on the study and professor of neuroendocrinology at the University of Surrey, said the findings will help scientists to learn more about the harms that shift work can cause.

該研究的第一作者、薩里大學(xué)神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌學(xué)教授德布拉·斯基恩稱，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)將幫助科學(xué)家更多了解輪班工作可能造成的損害。