眉毛是干什么用的？

Eyebrows have become an obsession of late, tattooed or microbladed, shaped and drawn in bold dark lines, making a statement far beyond braiding or waxing.

近來(lái)，人們似乎癡迷于眉毛，紋眉或剃眉，修眉，然后畫(huà)上顯眼的深色線條，這樣做所表達(dá)的意思遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)編辮子或脫毛。

Lifting one and not the other often signals disbelief, amusement, curiosity. Raising both can suggest surprise or dismay. But it wasn’t always that way.

只揚(yáng)起一條眉毛，往往表示懷疑、逗趣或好奇。揚(yáng)起兩條眉毛則表示驚訝或沮喪。但也不一定都是這樣。

Early humans had thick, bony brow ridges that were far less nimble than ours, incapable of expressing much of anything beyond, “Don’t mess with me, Thag.”

早期的人類有著厚厚的、骨感的眉脊，遠(yuǎn)不如我們的靈活，無(wú)法表達(dá)很多意思，除了“你這鳥(niǎo)人，別惹我。”

Scientists have long thought those brows served some structural purpose, like support for chewing prehistoric food. That they could also be used to signal aggression or intimidate competitors was largely dismissed as an evolutionary perk, as were the more flamboyant brows of modern humans.

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直認(rèn)為，從身體結(jié)構(gòu)的角度講，眉毛有一定的作用，比如有助于咀嚼史前的食物。它們也可能被用來(lái)表達(dá)敵對(duì)情緒或恐嚇競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手——這些也基本上被認(rèn)為是進(jìn)化上的好處，就像現(xiàn)代人更艷麗的眉毛。

But when Ricardo Miguel Godinho, an evolutionary anthropologist at the University of York, made digital recreations of a skull believed to be 300,000 to 125,000 years old, he found no evidence that its brow ridges provided any of the practical benefits suggested by earlier studies. “He tested out the different possible explanations, and, effectively, there’s no reason for it,” said Penny Spikins, an anthropologist who conducted the study with Dr. Godinho.

但是，約克大學(xué)(University of York)的進(jìn)化人類學(xué)家里卡多·米格爾·戈迪尼奧(Ricardo Miguel Godinho)對(duì)一個(gè)被認(rèn)為是30萬(wàn)至12.5萬(wàn)年前的頭骨進(jìn)行數(shù)字重建時(shí)，并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證據(jù)表明，眉脊提供了之前研究中提到的任何實(shí)際益處。“他測(cè)試了各種可能的解釋，但實(shí)際上，找不到任何根據(jù)，”與戈迪尼奧博士一起進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究的人類學(xué)家彭妮·斯皮金斯(Penny Spikins)說(shuō)。

The findings, published April 9 in Nature Ecology & Evolution, suggest that the human brow has always been a primarily social tool, and that the smoother foreheads and expressive brows of modern humans may have evolved to accommodate our increasingly complex relationships.

4月9日發(fā)表在《自然生態(tài)與演化》(Nature Ecology & Evolution)雜志上的研究結(jié)果表明，人類的眉毛一直主要是一種社交工具，現(xiàn)代人類的前額更平滑，眉毛更具有表現(xiàn)力，也許是為了適應(yīng)我們?nèi)找鎻?fù)雜的人際關(guān)系。

“With a flatter, more vertical forehead, that whole area above the eyes becomes much more mobile, and the muscles can make some really subtle communicative gestures,” Dr. Spikins said. And those gestures, like lifting your eyebrows to show you recognize someone, she said, “tend to be more about expressing friendliness than intimidation.”

“有了更平坦、更豎直的前額，眼睛上方的整個(gè)區(qū)域就變得靈活了很多，肌肉也能做出一些非常微妙的交流示意，”斯皮金斯說(shuō)。她表示，那些示意，比如揚(yáng)起眉毛表示你認(rèn)出了某人，“更多的是表示友好，而非恐嚇”。

Though such a hypothesis is difficult to test without a time machine, Dr. Spikins said it emerged from the real-life observations of Paul O’Higgins, a co-author of the study. “Paul was frustrated that his daughters spent so much time in the bathroom mirror perfecting their eyebrows, and was saying, ‘What are eyebrows for?’” she recalled. “That’s when we thought maybe this is actually quite important.”

雖然這樣的假設(shè)在沒(méi)有時(shí)光機(jī)器的情況下很難驗(yàn)證，但斯皮金斯表示，它源于這項(xiàng)研究的聯(lián)合作者保羅·奧伊金斯(Paul O’higgins)對(duì)真實(shí)生活的觀察。“保羅為女兒們花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)著浴室的鏡子修眉毛感到沮喪，他說(shuō)，‘眉毛是干什么用的呢?’”她回憶道，“所以，我們當(dāng)時(shí)想到，這也許是個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。”