英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題，不僅強(qiáng)化詞匯與句型理解，更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，讓考生熟悉題型變化，掌握解題技巧，是沖刺六級(jí)高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天，小編將分享2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷三）相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能為大家提供幫助！
Section A
溫馨提示：2021年12月六級(jí)考試共考了2套閱讀詞匯理解，本套閱讀詞匯理解（Section A）與第2套內(nèi)容完全一樣。
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You arerequired to select one word for each blank froma list ofchoicesgiven ina word bank following thepassage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not wse any ofthe words inthe bank more than once
According to psychologist Sharon Draper,our clothing choices can absolutely affect our well-being.When we wear ill-fitting clothes,or feel over-or under-dressed for an event, it's natural to feel self-conscious or even stressed.Conversely,she says,opting for clothes that fit well and 26 with your senseof style can improve your confidence.
But can you improve your health through your 27 clothing,without having to dash out and buya whole new 28 ?“Absolutely,”says Draper.If your goal is to improve your thinking,she recommends picking clothes that fit well and are unlikely to encourage restlessness,so,avoid bows,ties and unnecessary 29 .It also helps to opt for clothes you 30 as tying in with your goals,so,if you want to perform better at work, select pieces you view as professional.Draper says this fits in with the concept of behavioral activation,whereby 31 in a behavior (in this case,selecting clothes)can set you on the path to then achieving your goals (working harder).
Anotherway to improve your 32 of mind is to mix things up.Draper says we often feel stuck in a rut (常規(guī))if we wear the same clothes—even if they're our favorites thus opting for an item you don't wearoften,or adding something different to an outfit,such as a hat,can 33 shiftyour mood.On days when you're really 34 to brave theworld,Draper suggests selecting sentimental items of clothing,such as ones you woreon a special day,orgiven to you by a loved one,as clothes with 35 associations can help you tap into constructive emotions.
A)accessories
B)align
C)concurrently
D)current
E)engaging
F)fond
G)frame
H)locations
I)perceive
J)positively
K)profile
L)prospering
M)reluctant
N)showcase
O)wardrobe
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains informationgiven in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.
Why facts don't change our minds
A)The economist J.K.Galbraith once wrote,“Faced with a choice between changing one's mind and proving there is no need to do so,almost everyone gets busy with the proof.”
B)LeoTolstoy was even bolder.“Themost difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow-witted man if he has not formed anyidea of them already;but the simplest thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded that heknows already,without a shadow of a doubt,what is laid before him.”
C)What's going on here?Why don't facts change our minds?And why would someone continue to believe a false or inaccurate idea anyway?How do such behaviors serve us? Humans need a reasonably accurate viewof the world in order to survive.If your model ofrealityis wildly different from the actual world,then you struggle to take effective actions each day.However,truth and accuracy are not the only things that matterto the human mind.Humans also seem to have a deepdesire to belong.
D)In Atomic Habits,I wrote,“Humans are herd animals.We want to fit in,to bond with others,and to eamthe respect and approval of our peers.Such inclinations are essential to our survival.For most of our evolutionary history,our ancestors lived in tribes. Becoming separated from the tribe—or worse,being cast out—was a death sentence.”
E)Understanding the truth of a situation is important,but so is remaining part of a tribe.While these two desires often work well together,they occasionally come into conflict.In many circumstances,social connection is actually more helpful to your daily life than understanding the truth of a particular fact or idea.The Harvard psychologist Steven Pinkerput it this way,“People are embraced orcondemned according to their beliefs,so one function of the mind maybe to hold beliefs that bring the belief-holder the greatest number of allies,protectors,or disciples(信徒),rather than beliefs that are most likely to be true."
F)We don't always believe things because they are correct.Sometimes we believe things because they make us look good to the people we care about.I thought Kevin Simler put it well when he wrote,“If abrain anticipates that it will be rewarded for adopting a particular belief,it's perfectly happy to do so,and doesn't much care where the reward comes from-whether it's pragmatic(實(shí)用主義的)(better outcomes resulting from better decisions),social (better treatment from one's peers),or some mix of the two.”
G)False beliefs can be useful in a social sense even if they are not useful in a factual sense For lack of a better phrase,we might call this approach “factually false,but socially accurate.”When we have to choose between the two,people often select friends and family over facts.This insight not only explains why we might hold our tongue at a dinner party or look the other way when our parents say something offensive,but also reveals a better way to change theminds of others.
H)Convincing someone to change their mind is really the process of convincing them to change their tribe.If they abandon their beliefs,they run the risk of losing social ties.You can't expect someone to change their mind if you take away their community too.You have to give them some where to go.Nobody wants their worldview torn apart if loneliness is the outcome.
I)The way to change people's minds is to become friends with them,to integrate them into your tribe,to bring them into your circle.Now,they can change their beliefs without the risk of being abandoned socialy.
J)Perhaps it is not difference,but distance,that breeds tribalism and hostility.As proximity increases,so does understanding.I am reminded of Abraham Lincoln's quote, “I don'tlike that man.I must get to know him better.”
K)Facts don't change ourminds.Friendship does.Years ago,Ben Casnocha mentioned an idea tome that I haven't beenable to shake:The people who are most likely to change our minds are the ones we agree with on 98 percent of topics.If someone you know,like,and trust believes a radical idea,you are more likely to give it merit,weight,or consideration.You already agree with them in most areas of life.Maybe you should change your mind on this one too.But if someone wildly different than you proposes the same radical idea,well,it's easy to dismiss them as nuts.
L)One way to visualize this distinction is by mapping beliefs on a spectrum.If you divide this spectrum into 10 units and you find yourself at Position 7,then there is little sense in trying to convince someone at Position 1.The gap is too wide.When you're at Position 7,your time is better spent connecting with people who are at Positions 6 and 8, gradually pulling them in your direction.
M)The most heaed arguments often occur between people on opposite ends of the spectrum,but the most frequent learning occurs from people who are nearby.The closer you are to someone,the more likely it becomes that the one or two beliefs you don't share will bleed over into your own mind and shape your thinking.The further away an idea is from your current position,the more likely you are to reject it outright.When it comes to changing people's minds,it is very difficult to jump from one side to another. You can't jump down the spectrum.You have to slide down it.
N)Any idea that is sufficiently different from your current worldview will feel threatening.And the best place to ponder a threatening idea is in a non-threatening environment.As a result,books are often a better vehicle for transforming beliefs than conversations or debates.In conversation,people have to carefully consider their status and appearance.They want to save face and avoid looking stupid.When confronted with an uncomfortable set of facts,the tendency is often to double down on their current position rather than publicly admit tobeing wrong.Books resolve this tension.With a book,the conversation takes place inside someone's head and without the risk of being judgedby others.It's easierto be open-minded when you aren't feeling defensive
O)There is another reason bad ideas continue tolive on,which is that people continue to talk about them.Silence is death for any idea.An idea that is never spoken or written down dies with the person who conceived it.Ideas can only beremembered when they are repeated.They can only be believed when they are repeated.Ihave already pointed out that people repeat ideas to signal they are part of the same social group.But here's a crucial point most people miss:People also repeat bad ideas when they complain about them.Before you can criticize an idea,you have to reference that idea.You end up repeating the ideas you're hoping people will forget but,of course,people can't forget them because you keep talking about them.The more you repeat a bad idea,the more likely people are to believe it.
P)Let's call this phenomenon Clear's Law of Recurrence:The number of people who believe an idea is directly proportional to the number of times it has been repeated during the last yean—even if the idea is false.
36.According to the author,humans can hardly survive if separated from their community.
37.People often accept false beliefs because they prioritize social bonds ratherthan facts.
38.Most often people learn from those close to them.
39.Sometimes people adopt certain beliefs in order to leave a favorable impression on those dear to them.
40.Compared with face-to-face communication,books often provide a better medium for changing people's beliefs.
41.On many occasions in daily life,people benefit more from their social bonds than from knowing the truth.
42.Ifyou want to change somebody'sbeliefs,you should first establish social connection with them.
43.Humans cannot survive withouta fair knowledge of the actual world.
44.Repetition of bad ideas increases their chances of being accepted.
45.Nobody is willing to give up their beliefs at the risk of getting isolated.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or mnfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are basedon the following passage.
The subject of automation and its role in our economy has taken hold in American public discourse.Technology broadly and automation specifically are dramatically reshaping the way we work.And we need to have a plan forwhat's still to come.
We don't have to look further than our own communities to see the devastating impact of automation.From automated warehouses to cashierless grocery stores to neighborhood libraries that offer self-checkout lanes instead of employing real people—automation is increasingly replacing jobs and leaving too few good new jobs behind.
The statistics in manufacturing are staggering.Despite the widespread fears about trade,a recent report showed that just 13 percent of jobs lost in manufacturing are due to trade—the rest of the losses have been due to advances in technology.
That is why more people are criticizing the ever-increasing role of technology in our economy.Our country is manufacturing more than ever before,but we are doing it with fewer workers.However,it's not just factories that are seeing losses—software and information technology are also having a dramatic impact on jobs most people think are secure from the forces of a rapidly-changing economy.Something transformative is happening in America that is having an adverse effect on American families.Whether policymakers and politicians admit it or not,workers have made clear their feelings about their economic insecurity and desire tokeep good jobs in America.
So why are people so insistent on ignoring the perils of automation?They are failing to look ahead at a time when planning for the future is more important than ever. Resisting automation is futile:it is as inevitable as industrialization was before it.I sincerely hope that those who assert that automation will make us more effective and pave the way for new occupations are right,but the reality of automation's detrimental effects on workers makes me skeptical.No one can currently say where the new jobs are coming from orwhen,and any sensible company orcountry should prepare forall alternatives.
I'm not overstating the danger:look at what's happened to the labor force.According to economic research,one in six working-agemen,25 54,doesn't have a job.Fifty years ago,nearly 100 percent of men that age were working.Women's labor force participation,mean while,hasslipped back to the level it was at in the late 1980s.
American families and prominent business leaders are aware that there's a big problem with automation.The value of a college degree is diminishing,and our upward mobility is declining.If we want an economy that allows everyone to be economically secure,we need to start thinking about how we can rightfully address automation.
46.What can we observe from the author's description of our communities?
A)The growing passion for automation.
B)The shift from manual jobs to IT ones.
C)Their changing views on employment.
D)Their fading employment opportunities.
47.What do we learn from a recent report?
A)The manufacturing sector is declining at a fast rate.
B)The concerns about the effectof trade are exaggerated.
C)The fears about trade have been spreading far and wide.
D)The impact of tradeon employment has been staggering.
48.What does the passage tell us about American workers in an era of transformation?
A)They feel ignored by politicians
B)They feel increasingly vulnerable.
C)They keep adapting to the changes.
D)They keep complaining but to no avail.
49.What does the author think of automation?
A)It will have the sameimpact as industrialization.
B)It provides sensible companies with alternatives.
C)Its alleged positive effects are doubtful.
D)Its detrimental effects are unavoidable.
50.What should we attach importance to when dealing with automation?
A)Collegegraduates'jobprospects.
B)Women'saccess to employment.
C)People's economic security.
D)People's social mobility.
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Look at the people around you.Some are passive,others more aggressive.Some work best alone,others crave companionship.We easily recognize that there is great variation among the individuals who live near us.Yet,when we speakofpeople from elsewhere,we seem to inevitably characterize them based on their country of origin.
Statistics specialists,when they speak of national averages,often make the same mistake.
Newly published research shows how erroneous such overviews are.Three researchers analyzeddecades of values-based surveys and found that only between 16%and 21% of the variation in cultural values could be explained by differences between countries.In other words,the vast majority of what makes us culturallydistinct from one another has nothing todo with our homeland.
To determine what factors really are associated with culture,the authors combined data from 558 prior surveys that each measured one or more of Hofstede's cultural dimensions.These are traits,such as individualism and masculinity,that describe work-related cultural values.(They are not a measure ofvisible cultural traits,such as food ordress.)Though the validity of Hofstede'sdimensions has been questioned,they have the singular benefit of having been in use for decades,which allows for historical and international comparisons
The researchers found that both demographic factors,such as age,and environmental factors,such as long-term unemployment rates,were more correlated with cultural values than nationality.Occupation and social economic status were the most strongly correlated, suggesting that our values are more economically driven than we usually give them credit for.
The evidence implies that people with similar jobs and incomes are more culturally alike,regardless of where they live.Vas Taras,the lead author of the study,puts it this way: “Tell me how much you make and I wll make a pretty accurate prediction about your cultural values.Tell me what your nationality is and I probably will make a wrong prediction.”
Taras says our erroneous belief that countries are cultures has caused businesses to teach their employees useless or even harmful ways of interacting with their international peers.Chinese and American lawyers might be trained to interact based on the assumption that the Chinese person is less individualistic,even though their similar social economic situations make it probable theyare actually quitealike in that regard.
The country,as the unit of authority,is often a convenient way of generalizing about a population.
However,our focus on countries can mask broad variations within them.In the majority of cases we would be better off identifying people by the factors that constrain their lives,like income,ratherthan by the lines surrounding them on a map.
51.What error do experts often make when describing people from other places?
A)They tend to overly rely on nationality.
B)They often exaggerate their differences.
C)They often misunderstand their cultures.
D)They tend to dwell on national averages.
52.What do we learn about Hofstede's cultural dimensions?
A)They areuseful in comparing cultural values across time and space.
B)They have brought unusual benefits to people of different cultures.
C)They are widely used to identify people's individual traits.
D)They provide valuable questions for researchers to study.
53.What did researchers find about previous studies on factors determining people's values?
A)Environmental factors were prioritized over other factors.
B)An individual's financial status was often underestimated.
C)Too much emphasis had been placed on one's occupation.
D)The impact of social progresson one's values wasignored.
54.What is the impact on employees when cultures are identified with countries?
A)They may fail to see the cultural biases of their business partners.
B)They may fail to attach sufficient importance to cultural diversity.
C)They may not be taughthow toproperly interact with overseas partners.
D)They may not beable to learn the legal procedures for business transactions.
55.What does the author suggest at the end of the passage?
A)There is sufficient reasonto generalize about a country's population.
B)The majority of people are still constrained by their national identity.
C)It is arguable that the country should be regarded as the unit of authority.
D)Nationality is lessuseful than socio-economic statusas an indicator of one's values.
26.B)【語(yǔ)義判斷】首段首句提到，我們的著裝會(huì)影響我們的健康，因此，推測(cè)此處意為“選擇合身且符合個(gè)人風(fēng)格的衣服可以提升一個(gè)人的自信”。align with意為“和……一致”,符合句意，故B)alin為答案。
27.D)【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)后面提到的“不必沖出去買新的……”,推測(cè)此處意為“通過現(xiàn)有的衣服來(lái)改善健康”,D)current“現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的”符合句意，故為答案。
28.O)【語(yǔ)義判斷】前文提到，可以通過現(xiàn)有的衣服來(lái)改善健康，推測(cè)此處意為“不用沖出去把衣柜里的衣服全換成新的”。O)wardrobe 既可以表示“衣柜”,也可以表示“(一個(gè)人)全部的衣物”,符合句 意，故為答案。
29.A)【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)前面的and推知，空格處填入的名詞和bows、ties為并列關(guān)系，蝴蝶結(jié)和領(lǐng)帶都屬于配飾，A)accessories“配飾，配件”符合句意，故為答案。
30.I)【語(yǔ)義判斷】后半句提到“如果你想在工作中表現(xiàn)得更好，應(yīng)選擇你認(rèn)為專業(yè)的著裝”,由此推測(cè)此處意為“選擇你認(rèn)為與你的目標(biāo)相符的衣服也十分有益”,故I)perceive為答案。
31.E)【語(yǔ)義判斷】前文提到“如果你想在工作中表現(xiàn)得更好，應(yīng)選擇你認(rèn)為專業(yè)的著裝，這符合行為激活的概念”?？崭窈罄ㄌ?hào)里的內(nèi)容解釋說(shuō)明前面的bchavior,在此指的就是“選擇著裝”,故推測(cè)此處 意為“通過實(shí)施選擇著裝這一行為來(lái)幫助自己完成目標(biāo)”。engage in意為“進(jìn)行，參與”,符合句意，故E)engaging為答案。
32.G)【語(yǔ)義判斷】上一段提到可以通過著裝來(lái)改善健康，本段后面也提到著裝可以改變心情，故推測(cè)此處也是指通過著裝來(lái)改善心態(tài)。frame of mind意為“心情，心態(tài)”,符合句意，故G)frame 為答案。
33.J)【語(yǔ)義判斷】上一題提到，可以通過混搭服裝來(lái)改善心情，本句中的 shiftyour mood意為“改變心情”,需要填入一個(gè)正面意義的副詞，J)positively 符合句意，故為答案。
34.M)【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)后面提到的德雷珀建議選擇一些具有情感意義的衣服來(lái)幫助自己發(fā)掘積極的情緒，推測(cè)這里when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該是指“當(dāng)缺乏面對(duì)這個(gè)世界的勇氣時(shí)”。be reluctant to do sth.意為“不情愿做某事”,符合句意，故M)reluctant為答案。
35.F)【語(yǔ)義判斷】前面提到，德雷珀建議選擇一些具有情感意義的衣服，比如你曾在某個(gè)特殊的日子里穿過的衣服或者你所愛之人送給你的衣服。因此，推測(cè)這些衣服的共同點(diǎn)就是會(huì)讓人聯(lián)想起它們背后承載的情感意義，fond意為“溫情的，深情 的”,符合句意，故F)fond為答案。
36.【定位】由題干中的separated from和community定位到文章D)段。
D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。D)段前三句指出，人類是群居動(dòng)物，希望與他人相處融洽，和他們建立信任關(guān)系，并羸得同輩的尊重和認(rèn)可，這對(duì)于我們的生存來(lái)講至關(guān)重要。后兩句以我們的祖先為例，指出脫離所在部落就相當(dāng)于被判死刑。由此推測(cè)人類如果脫離所在部落(相當(dāng)于社區(qū))將很難生存，題干是對(duì)D)段的歸納概括。題干中的separated from their community對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的separated from the tribe,題干中的can hardly survive是對(duì)原文中are essenial to our survival和was a death sentence的歸納概括，故答案為D)。
37.【定位】由題干中的false beliefs和social bonds定位到G)段第一至三句。
G)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。G)段首句指出，錯(cuò)誤的觀念雖然在事實(shí)意義上沒有用，但從社會(huì)意義的角度來(lái)講是有用的。第三句提到，當(dāng)不得不在兩者之間做出選擇時(shí)，人們往往選擇朋友和家人，而不是事實(shí)。這里的“朋友和家人”指的就是社會(huì)關(guān)系。 題干中的false beliefs直接對(duì)應(yīng)原文內(nèi)容，題干中的social bonds對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的friends and family,題干中的prioritize對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“select... over...”, 故答案為G)。
38.【定位】由題干中的mostoften 、learn from和 close to定位到文章M)段第一句。
M)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。M)段定位句提到，最激烈的爭(zhēng)論往往發(fā)生在處于這個(gè)范圍兩端的人之間，但最頻繁的學(xué)習(xí)則發(fā)生在處于附近區(qū)間的人身上。題干中的most often對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的the most frequent,題干中的those close to them是對(duì)原文中people who are nearby的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為M)。
39.【定位】由題干中的leave a favorable impression和those dear to them定位到F)段第二句。
F)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。F)段定位句提到，有時(shí)，我們之所以相信某些事情，是因?yàn)檫@能讓我們?cè)谧约涸诤醯娜嗣媲帮@得很好。題干中的leave a favorable impression對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的make us look good,題干中的those dear to them是對(duì)原文中the people we care about的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為F)。
40.【定位】由題干中的 face-to-face communication、 books和 changing people's beliefs定位到文章N)段第三句。
N)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。N)段定位句提到，與交談或辯論相比，書籍往往是轉(zhuǎn)變信念的更好載體。題干中的face-to-face communication對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的conversations or debates,題干中的a better medium是原文中abetter vehicle的同義表達(dá)，題干中的changing people's beliefs是對(duì)原文中transformingbeliefs 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為N)。
41.【定位】由題干中的on many occasions 、daily life、social bonds和knowing the truth定位到E)段第三句。
E)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。E)段定位句提到，在許多情況下，相較于理解某一事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)的真相，社會(huì)聯(lián)系實(shí)際上對(duì)人們的日常生活更有幫助。題干中的on many occasions是原文中in many circumstances的同義表達(dá)，題干中的benefit more from對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的more helpful to,題干中的social bonds是原文中social connection的同義表達(dá)，題干中的knowing the truth是原文中 understanding thetruth的同義表達(dá)，故答案為E)。
42.【定位】由題干中的change somebody's beliefs和establish social connection定位到文章I)段第 一句。
I)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。I)段定位句指出，改變?nèi)藗兿敕ǖ姆椒ㄊ桥c他們成為朋友，讓他們?nèi)谌肽愕牟柯?，把他們帶入你的圈子。這些都是和他人建立社會(huì)聯(lián)系的具體做法。由此可知，題干是對(duì)I)段定位句的歸納概括。題干中的change somebody's beliefs是對(duì)原文中 change people's minds的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，establish social connection with them是對(duì)原文中to become friends with them,to integrate them into your tribe,to bring them into your circle的歸納概括，故答案為I) 。
43.【定位】由題干中的survive和a fair knowledge of the actual world定位到文章C)段第五、六句。
C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。C)段定位句指出，為了生存，人類需要對(duì)世界有一個(gè)合理準(zhǔn)確的看法。如果構(gòu)建的現(xiàn)實(shí)模型與真實(shí)的世界大相徑庭，那我們每天都很難采取有效行動(dòng)。題干中的“Humans cannot survive without...”是對(duì)原文中“Humans need...to survive”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的a fair knowledge of the actual world 是對(duì)原文中 a reasonably accurate view of the world的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為C)。
44.【定位】由題干中的repetition of bad ideas定位到文章O)段最后一句。
O)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。O)段后半部分提到，人們?cè)诒г惯@些糟糕的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，其實(shí)也是在重復(fù)它們。但正是因?yàn)檫@種重復(fù)，人們更加忘不了它們。因此，你越是重復(fù)一個(gè)糟糕的觀點(diǎn)，人們就越有可能相信它。題干中的repetition of bad ideas對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的the more yourepeat abad idea,題干中的 increases their chances of being accepted對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的the morelikely people are to believe it,故 答案為O)。
45.【定位】由題干中的give up their beliefs和geting isolated定位到文章H)段最后一句。
H)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。H)段定位句指出，如果世界觀崩塌的結(jié)果是孤獨(dú)，那么沒人希望發(fā)生這種事。根據(jù)上文，這里的“世界觀崩塌”指的是改變自己的想法、放棄自己的信念。題干中的give up their beliefs對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的wants their worldview torn apart, 題干中的getting isolated對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的loneliness,故答案為H)。
46.【定位】由題干中的description of our communities定位到第二段第一句。
D)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第一句指出，我們只需看看自己的社區(qū)，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化的巨大影響。第二句列舉了社區(qū)自動(dòng)化的三個(gè)例子：自動(dòng)化倉(cāng)庫(kù)、無(wú)人收銀雜貨店和提供自助借書通道而不用雇用真人的街區(qū)圖書館，并在破折號(hào)后總結(jié)了自動(dòng)化的影響：自動(dòng)化正逐漸取代眾多崗位，只留下寥寥無(wú)幾的、好的新工作機(jī)會(huì)。從作者對(duì)我們社區(qū)的描述中可以觀察到自動(dòng)化導(dǎo)致就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)逐漸減少，故答案為D)。
47.【定位】由題干中的a recent report定位到第三段第二句。
B)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第三段第二句提到，盡管人們普遍擔(dān)心貿(mào)易，但最近的一份報(bào)告表明，制造業(yè)中僅有13%的失業(yè)是由貿(mào)易造成的——其余則是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)進(jìn)步。由此可知，制造業(yè)中大部分人失業(yè)的主要原因是技術(shù)進(jìn)步，而貿(mào)易只是造成一小部分人失業(yè)的原因，也就是說(shuō)人們對(duì)貿(mào)易影響的擔(dān)憂被夸大了，故答案為B)。
48.【定位】由題干中的American workers和transformation定位到第四段最后兩句。
B)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第四段第四句提到美國(guó)正在發(fā)生一場(chǎng)變革，這對(duì)美國(guó)家庭造成了負(fù)面影響。緊接著第五句具體解釋美國(guó)工人在這場(chǎng)變革中受到的負(fù)面影響：對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)不安全的感受，以及想要在美國(guó)保住好工作的愿望。由此可推知，處于變革時(shí)代的美國(guó)工人感覺越來(lái)越脆弱，故答案為B)。
49.【定位】由題干中的the author think of automation定位到第五段第四句。
C)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句的第一個(gè)并列分句提到作者希望那些堅(jiān)稱自動(dòng)化會(huì)令我們更有效率，并會(huì)為新職業(yè)鋪平道路的人是正確的，第二個(gè)并列分句則通過but表明了作者對(duì)此的懷疑態(tài)度，并指出現(xiàn)實(shí)是自動(dòng)化對(duì)工人有不利影響。由此可知，作者懷疑自動(dòng)化的積極影響，故答案為C)。
50.【定位】由題干中的dealing with automation定位到最后一段最后一句。
C)【精析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段最后一句提到，如果我們想要一個(gè)能讓每個(gè)人都獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，我們就需要開始考慮如何正確處理自動(dòng)化問題。由此可知，處理自動(dòng)化問題時(shí)我們應(yīng)重視的是經(jīng)濟(jì)體制能否讓人們獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，故答案為C)。
51.【定位】由題干中的experts和peoplefrom other places定位到第一段最后一句和第二段。
A)【精析】推理判斷題。第一段末句提到，當(dāng)我們談到來(lái)自其他地方的人時(shí)，似乎不可避免地會(huì)根據(jù)他們的原籍國(guó)家來(lái)描述他們的特點(diǎn)，隨后在下一段中指出，統(tǒng)計(jì)專家在談到國(guó)家平均水平時(shí)，常常犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，而所謂同樣的錯(cuò)誤指的就是上文所說(shuō)的以國(guó)籍為依據(jù)來(lái)描述人們的特點(diǎn)，由此可知 ，A)項(xiàng)綜合了兩處信息，故為答案。
52.【定位】由題干中的Hofstede's cultural dimensions 定位到第四段。
A)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位段介紹了霍夫斯泰德的文化維度在分析文化差異的影響因素方面的背景知識(shí)。該段最后一句指出，霍夫斯泰德維度的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)是已經(jīng)使用了幾十年，因此可以進(jìn)行歷史性和國(guó)際性的比較，選項(xiàng)A)是對(duì)該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。
53.【定位】由題干中的researchers find 和values定位到第五段。
B)【精析】推理判斷題。第五段第一句提到了研究人員有關(guān)文化價(jià)值觀影響因素的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)，而隨后的第二句指出，職業(yè)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的相關(guān)性最強(qiáng)，這表明我們的價(jià)值觀受到的經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)比我們通常認(rèn)為的還要多，可見經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的影響力沒有得到充分的重視，也就是說(shuō)個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)狀況被低估了，故答案為B)。
54.【定位】由題干中的employees定位到第七段第一句。
C)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句指出，我們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為國(guó)家代表著文化，這導(dǎo)致企業(yè)向員工傳授與國(guó)際同行交流的方式是無(wú)用甚至有害的，換言之，這種錯(cuò)誤觀念會(huì)讓他們無(wú)法正確地與海外的合作伙伴互動(dòng)，故答案為C)。
55.【定位】由題干提示定位到文章最后一段最后一句。
D)【精析】推理判斷題。在最后一段最后一句中，作者就考量文化差異時(shí)的正確做法給出了建議，指出最好通過限制人們生活的因素(如收入)來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)他們，而不是通過地圖上那些界定他們的線條，而所謂地圖上的線條指的就是國(guó)界線，換言之，作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況比國(guó)籍更能體現(xiàn)人們的價(jià)值觀，故答案為D)。
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