2009年12月大學(xué)英語六級閱讀通關(guān)秘籍
第一部分六級快速閱讀
六級快速閱讀概況與解題基本方略：
六級的快速閱讀和四級快速閱讀的形式、比例、分值、包括解題方法都很像。一篇六級速讀全長約1000詞至1200詞左右，需要考生在15分鐘內(nèi)完成，請記住，涂卡時(shí)間也是算在這15分鐘之內(nèi)的。
倒看原則：先看題目，再 “按圖索驥”回到原文中去；
標(biāo)記原則：數(shù)據(jù)、年代、地名、人名、組織名、大寫名稱等等經(jīng)常在題目和原文中互相照應(yīng)；
注意標(biāo)題：小標(biāo)題會成為很多題目層次的分界線，下文中并沒有出現(xiàn)，但今后的考試中要特別注意。
請?jiān)?/b>10分鐘內(nèi)完成以下題目
The History of Pizza Hut
Pizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers in Wichita, Kansas. Frank and Dan Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor. They borrowed $600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise unit opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost a decade later, Pizza Hut would be serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ.
In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990's Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billion worldwide. In 1998, Pizza Hut celebrated their 40th anniversary, and launched their famous campaign "The Best Pizzas Under One Roof." In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains, Pizza Hut had the largest market share, 46.4%. However, Pizza Hut's market share has slowly eroded because of intense competition from their rivals Domino's, Little Caesar's and newcomer Papa John's. Home delivery was a driving force for success, especially for Pizza Hut and Domino's.
However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas.
In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn't necessarily want pizza.
Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different - different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let's look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the "BigFoot," which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced "Stuffed Crust Pizza," where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed "The Edge," which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing "The Big New Yorker," trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country.
Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started, so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success.
Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a 1-800 number customer hotline, and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future.
However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don't have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices.
An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Hut's opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas, and increase brand loyalty with good customer service.
Pizza Hut's number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, their closest competitor is Domino's Pizza. Domino's main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also, Domino's was very profitable when they ran the promotional deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However, many lawsuits have been filed against Domino's in the past for reckless driving by their drivers, so Domino's withdrew the promotion. Little Caesar's is another one of Pizza Hut's competitors, right behind Domino's in market share. Little Caesar's is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors include Papa John's, Sbarro, and Pizza Inn.
A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyone's competitive advantages. Most if not all the top pizza chains offer free delivery, and always have some sort of promotional deal offering large pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone Pizzas, Boboli, and Di'Gornio pizzas.
1. Pizza Hut expanded its business into many parts of the country by the time of 1969.
2. Pizza Hut has always dominated the market and is free of challenge.
3. Fruits and salads are now commonly served at pizza restaurants.
4. The diversification strategy is to be the first mover.
5. In Pizza Hut, a Pan Pizza was ___________ to serve in 5 minutes.
6. If you want a pizza from Pizza Hut delivered directly to your house, you have to have ________ in the first place.
7. In order to make sure their customers were happy, Pizza Hut introduced _____________.
8. The higher overhead costs of Pizza Hut obviously accounted for ______________
9. The reason why Domino’s withdrew their promotion was that they suffered legally from _____
10. Major pizza makers have to face the problem that their competitive advantages are _______
參考答案
1. Y2. N3. NG 4. N
5. guaranteed
6. Internet access
7. two customer satisfaction programs
8. higher prices of their pizzas
9. reckless driving by their drivers
10. the same
簡單解析：
快速閱讀的解題策略是關(guān)鍵詞定位和信息對比。本文主要講述了必勝客的發(fā)展和行業(yè)競爭，題目設(shè)置較為清楚，根據(jù)題干及文章都很容易定位，基本上是一段對應(yīng)一題。可能在第1、9、10題會有些躊躇，第一題中的1969年對應(yīng)了文章第一段a decade later，第9題中需要填寫遭受（suffer from）的賓語，文中并沒有直接點(diǎn)明，而是在第11段中用了一個(gè)同義替換的形式“filed against Domino’s in the past for”，最后一題對應(yīng)文章最后一段中的pretty much。
第二部分：六級精讀
六級精讀概況與解題基本方略：
六級閱讀包括：快讀閱讀（占全卷10%），簡短回答（占全卷5%），精讀（占全卷20%）。六級精讀共包括兩篇文章，做題時(shí)間為20分鐘左右，最多勿超過25分鐘。六級精讀詞匯量大、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因而準(zhǔn)確解答關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn)：定位和理解。通常采用的解題方法是：（1）閱讀題干，推斷文章主題；（2）確定題型，找出關(guān)鍵詞；（3）瀏覽文章，圈定關(guān)鍵詞；（4）理解區(qū)域，對比選項(xiàng)。
請?jiān)?/b>12分鐘內(nèi)完成以下題目：
The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.
We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.
We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.
Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired（陷入）in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.
We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.
That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.
1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?
A) They were of inferior races.
B) They were a Source of political corruption.
C) They were a threat to the nation’s security.
D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.
2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?
A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.
B) They can do just as well as their predecessors.
C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.
D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.
3. What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?
A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.
B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.
C) They will melt into the African-American community.
D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.
4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?
A) Rid them of their inferiority complex.
B) Urge them to adopt American customs.
C) Prevent them from being marginalized.
D) Teach them standard American English.
5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.
A) How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents
B) How to help immigrants to better fit into American society
C) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border
D) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.
Reading in Depth
1. A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B
簡單解析：
本文的五個(gè)題目中都提及了new immigrants，因而文章主題是談“美國新移民”的問題。
第一題利用關(guān)鍵詞U.S. Congress，定位在文章第二段首句。題干中還有一個(gè)重要的信息詞in early days，是對第二段首句中的go back to the days的改寫，因此答案就在二段首句。
第二題的關(guān)鍵詞the new immigrants定位在文章三段末句，意思是為什么這些新移民就不能擁有同樣的成功。因此在作者看來新移民同樣可以和他們的先人一樣。
第三題通過題干關(guān)鍵詞Edward Telles和Mexican-Americans定位在文章第四段的第三句。
第四題則利用依次而下的順序出題原則，可以定位在文章倒數(shù)第二段中。由于定位區(qū)域比較寬泛，可以利用出題原則幫助進(jìn)一步定位，文章倒數(shù)第二段中連續(xù)出現(xiàn)兩次轉(zhuǎn)折but，因此段落重心應(yīng)該是as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.而題干中考查如何幫助新移民，和此句中的we also ought to近義改寫，因此“如何確保這些外來移民不會永遠(yuǎn)邊緣化”，和C同義。
第五題可以用the burning issue定位在文章最后一段首句。
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