英語四級(jí)閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評(píng)估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對(duì)于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2023年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷一），希望能為大家提供幫助！
Section A
Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Fach choice in the bankis identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
You probably haven't taken the time to think of all the work that went into creating the shirt on your back.I mean,how hard it could be to create fabric and 26 it into a shirt shape.Don't machines do all that?Well,creating fabric from cotton,which is the most 27 clothing material,is actually a process that involves a lot of water,2,700 liters per shirt to be 28 .Take a look at the video below from National Geographic for some more mind-blowing 29 about cotton clothing production.
Clean water is 30 becoming one ofthe most sought-after resources in the world.Given how large the 31 and cotton industries are,they take up a lot of our fresh water demands across the world,according to The Huffington Post.The video from National Geographic was created to spread 32 of how environmentally harmful cotton is.But the situation can be made better.Through better water management and farming practices,water usage in cotton production can be cut down by 33 40 percent.
Called“Better Cotton”,this environmentally conscious product will save millions of liters of water a year simply from 34 the demands of cotton production.Cotton doesn't have to go,since it is,afterall,one of the mostuseful cash crops across the globe.However,as water supplies 35 ,farmers and consumers need to be moreconscious of the effect that these products have on the environment as a whole.
A)abstracts
B)abundant
C)awareness
D)conscience
E)exact
F)increasingly
G)intense
H)mend
I)nearly
J)reckoning
K)reducing
L)sew
M)shrink
N)statistics
O)textile
Section B
Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto it.Each statement contains information given in one of the parngFaphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The spoken web
A)We're growing more used to chattingto our computers,phones and stmart speakers through voice assistants like Amazon's Alexa,Apple's Siri and Microsoft's Cortana.Blind and partially sighted people have been using text-to-speech converters for decades.
B)Out of these assistants,Siri is the most well-known.The assistant usesvoice inquiries and a natural- language user interface(界面)to answerquestions.The software adapts to users'individual language usages,searches,and preferences,with continuinguse.
C)Some think voice could soon takeover from typingand clicking as the main way to interact online.But what are the challenges of moving to “the spoken web”?
D)What use is written online content if you can'tread?Thatis the situation facing illiterate(不識(shí)字的) African farmers.They are oftendenied crucial information the web offers many others.With a literacy rate in some parts of Africa at only 22.6%,farmers are often“underpaid for their produce because they might be unaware of the prevailing prices,”says Francis Dittoh,a researcher behind Mr Meteo,a speech-based weather information service.
E)“The most frequently heard complaint is about rainfall predictions,”says Mr Dittoh,who lives in Tamale,northern Ghana.“They tell us the methods their forefathers used to predict the weather don't seem towork aswell these days.”This is down toclimate change,he believes.Yet knowing when it's going to rain is vital for farmers wanting to sow seeds,irigate crops or take their animals out to the fields to feed ongrass.
F)Mr Ditoh says the idea of converting online weather reports into speech came from the farmers themselves,after aworkshop in thevillage of Guabuligah.“They came up with this,”he says.Mr Meteotakes the online weather forecast,converts it to a short recording in the appropriate language and makes it available on a basic phone.Farmers ring up to receive the information.The local language Dagbani is spoken by 1.2 million people but is not served by any online translation applications.The service was designed to be cheap and easy to run,says Mr Dittoh.He plans to begin field tests this month,working with Tamale's Savanna Agricultural Research Institute.
G)The spoken web could alsohelp theone-in-fiveadults inEurope and theU.S.with poor reading skills.But building the spoken web—web-to-voice and voice-to-web—isn't straightforward.For software to understand pizza is served at Italian restaurants is easy.To cover multiple domains and to be able to have a conversation with users on every single topic is still a long way off.
H)So alhough many computer assistants can answer simple questionsabout the weather and play music for us,anything resembling a wide-ranging human conversation isdecades away.Artificial intelligence just isn't smart enough yet.Even turningyour voice into text—automatic speech recognition—is one of the hardest problems to solve,as there are as many ways to pronounce things as there are people on the planet.
I)Siri has often been praised for itsability to interpret our casual language and deliver very specificand accurate results,sometimes even providing additional information.But it is still somewhat restricted, particularly when the language moves away from stiffer commands into more human interactions.In one example,the phrase“Send a text to Jason,Clint,Sam,and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant"was interpreted as sending a message to Jason only,containing thetext “Clint Sam and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant”.It has also been noted that Siri lacks a proper editingfunction,as saying“Edit message to say:we're at Silver Cloud restaurant and you should come find us”generates “Clint Sam and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant to say we're at SilverCloud restaurant and you should come find us"。
J)Using voice interaction feels far more intimate than surfing the net the old-fashioned way.This is intentional as the informal tone of the assistant helps create an emotional attachment.But if something speaks,it must also listen.Our phonesarealways near us and they are collecting data about us all the time.This has already raised privacy concerns.The American Civil Liberties Union has stated that digital assistants create a threat to privacy from hackers.Some people have other concerns.They worry assistants will one day be used to deliver advertising directly to us.
K)But digital voices need more personality to make them popular.Robots are not yet witty,Siri is boring The benefits of using voice instead of tapping fingers obviously depend on the context.Doctors completing online forms about their patients by speech,for example,can dictate 150 words a minute, three times faster than typing on a keyboard.This enables them to spend less time on administration and more time with patients.
L)Last year,speech recognition company Nuance helped a doctors'surgery in Dukinfield,near Manchester,set up a speech system for the practice's six doctors.Now they can dictate notes on a patient's health condition and treatment and a smart assistant automatically enters the information into the right fields on a webform.Previously,the doctors made voice recordings that were then transcribed by secretaries—a process that was costly and likely to cause delays.The new system means letters to patients now have more detail.
M)Using voicealsomakes sense when you're doing other things with your hands.Think about when you're cooking,and you just want to know what the next step in the recipe is.Your hands are covered with oil;you're not going toget on the iPad,so it's a lot more natural to talk.And speech obviously makes sense when you're driving.In the U.S.,29% of drivers admit they surf behind the wheel, according to insurance firm State Farm.This is up from 13% in 2009.No wonder using mobile phones while driving causes more crashes a year than drink driving,saysthe U.S.National Safety Council.
36.According to Francis Dittoh,their speech-based weather information service was meant to be inexpensive and easy to use.
37.Using voice instead of typing enables doctors to spend more time taking care of patients.
38.It is extremely difficult to convert voice into text because of different pronunciations.
39.African farmers unable to read often don't have access to important information conveyed online.
40.Some phone users worry advertisers will take advantageof voice assistants to sendads directly to them.
41.The spoken web is helpful when one's hands are occupied.
42.Some peoplebelieve online interaction would soon depend mainly on voice.
43.Setting up aspoken web isby no means an easy task.
44.Weather information is extremely important to farmers.
45.Some peopleare concerned about privacy because their phones are constantly collecting their personal information.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Fach passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passnge.
The United States is facing a housing crisis:Affordable housing is inadequate,while luxury homes abound (充裕) ,and homelessness remains a persistent problem.Despite this,popular culture and the housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more amenities(便利設(shè)施)。Big houses are advertized as a reward for hard work and diligence,turning housing from abasic necessity into a luxury.
This isreflected in our homes.The average single-family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1,500 square fet insize.By 2016,the averagesize of a new,single-family home was 2,422 square feet.What's more,homes built in the 2000s were more likely than earliermodels to have more of all types of spaces:bedrooms,bathrooms,living rooms,dining rooms,recreation rooms and garages.
There are consequences of living big.As middle-class houses have grown larger,two things have happened.First,large houses take time to maintain,so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order.Second,once-public spaces,where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together,have increasingly become privatized,leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all,and a reduced quality of life for many.Take swimming pools.While in 1950,only 2,500 U.S.families owned pools,by 1999 this number was 4 million.At the same time,public municipal pools were often closed,leaving low-income people nowhere to swim.
The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions.Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle,using the low-wage labor of others?Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for thepoor?
I believe neither is acceptable.We must change the way we think:living well does not need to mean havingmore privatespaces;instead,it could mean having more public spaces.A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.
46.Whatare big houses promoted to be in the United States?
A)A luxury for the homeless.
B)A reward for industriousness.
C)An abundant source of comforts.
D)An absolute necessity for happiness.
47.Wha is one of the consequences of living big?
A)Many Americans'quality of life has become lower.
B)People from diverse backgrounds no longer socialize.
C)People no longer have access to public swimming pools.
D)Many Americans'private life has been negatively affected
48.What questions arise from living big?
A)Questions related to moral principles.
B)Questions having to do with labor cost.
C)Questions about what lifestyle to promote.
D)Questions concerning housing development.
49.What kind of social system does the authorthinkis unacceptable?
A)One in which the wealthy exploit the low-wage laborers building their houses.
B)One in which the rich purchase amenities at an increasingly unjustifiable price.
C)Onein which theupper classes deprive the lower classes of affordable housing.
D)One in which the affluent enjoy a more comfortable life at the expense of the poor.
50.What does the author advocate for people to live well?
A)Finding ways to turn private spaces into public ones.
B)Building more houses affordable to those less affluent.
C)More public spaces created for everyone to enjoy.
D)All amenities made accessibleto the rich and the poor alike.
PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed—or cursed—with higher-than-average ambition.Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend moreeffortto get them.
Overall,this is a positive quality,especially for people trying to build their own businesses.Apparently,if you're more naturally driven to set goals,you are more likely to succeed.
Actually,this isn't always the case.In fact,in some cases,extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.
One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal.This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances,which is vitalif you want to be a successful entrepreneur.If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business,you may need to change direction,even if that means straying from your original vision.If you have toomuch ambition,you'll find this hard,if not impossible.
Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand.Unfortunately,for the most ambitious entrepreneurs,a failure is seen as disastrous,and impossible to recover from.
It's a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal.For people with limited ambition,however,failure is viewed as something closcr to reality.Remember,failure is inevitable,and every failure yousurvive is a learning experience.
Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts.However,they're only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts,and tend to live significantly shorterlives.This implies that even though ambitious peopleare more likely to achieve conventional “success,”such success means nothing for their health and happiness—and if you don't have health and happiness,whatelse could possibly matter?
Clearly,some amount of ambition is good for your motivation.Without any ambition,you wouldn't start your own business,set or achieve goals and get far in life.But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous,putting you at risk of burnout,stubbornness and even a shorter life.
51.What does the author think of most entrepreneurs?
A)They are more willing torisk their own lives.
B)They are more ambitious than ordinary people.
C)They achieve greater nonconventional success.
D)They have more pasitive qualities than most of us.
52.What does the author imply bysaying“this isn't always the case”(Line 1,Para.3)?
A)Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success.
B)Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities.
C)Entrepreneurs'ambition does as much good as harm.
D)Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success.
53.What does the author say is of extreme importance for one to become a successful entrepreneur?
A)Holding on to one's original vision.
B)Being able to adapt to new situations.
C)Focusing determinedly on one particular goal.
D)Avoiding radicalchange in one's career direction.
54.How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor?
A)It will awaken them to reality.
B)It is a lesson they have to learn.
C)It means the end of their career.
D)It will result in aslow recovery.
55.What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition?
A)Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal.
B)Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs.
C)Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business.
D)Prioritize health and happiness over material success.
26.L)【語義判斷】空格所在句指出 ，制作布料并_____成襯衫的形狀有多難。由句意可知，此處是想表達(dá)把布料制成襯衫，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有 “制造，制作”意義的動(dòng)詞原形，由此確定答案為L(zhǎng))sew。備選的其他動(dòng)詞原形均沒有此含義，因此排除。
27.B)【語義判斷】空格所在句指出，棉花是最_____服裝材料。將備選項(xiàng)中的形容詞代入句中，只有B)abundant“充裕的，豐富的”能使句意通順，故答案為 B)。
28.E)【語義判斷】空格所在句指出，用棉花來制作織物實(shí)際上是一個(gè)需要大量用水的過程，每件襯衫需要2,700升的水，_____。本句提供了一個(gè)用棉花制作織物所需水量的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“準(zhǔn)確的，確切的”意義的形容詞，由此確定答案為E)exact。to be exact 表示“準(zhǔn)確地說，確切地說”。備選的其他形容詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。
29.N)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，看看下面《國(guó)家地理》雜志的視頻，就可以知道更多關(guān)于棉質(zhì)服裝生產(chǎn)的令人震驚的_____。前一句已經(jīng)提供了一個(gè)驚人的數(shù)字_____-2,700,而空格前又出現(xiàn)了more, 因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“數(shù)字，數(shù)據(jù)”意義的名 詞，由此確定答案為N)statistics。備選的其他名詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。
30.F)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，凈水正_____成為世界上最受歡迎的資源之一 。由常識(shí)可知，人們對(duì)凈水的需求日益增多，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“日益地，越來越多地”意義的副詞，由此確定答案為F)increasingly。備選的其他副詞均沒有此 含義，因此排除。
31.O)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，據(jù)《赫芬頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，考慮到_____和棉花工業(yè)的規(guī)模，它們占用了全球大量的淡水需求。本文第一段中提到制造襯衫需要大量的水，而將棉花做成襯衫涉及紡織業(yè)，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“紡織業(yè)”意義的名 詞，由此確定答案為O)textile。備選的其他名詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。
32.C)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，這段來自《國(guó)家地理》的視頻是為了傳播棉花對(duì)環(huán)境危害的_____。由句意可知，該視頻的目的是讓人們知道棉花對(duì)環(huán)境的危害，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“認(rèn)識(shí) 意識(shí)”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為C)awareness。備選的其他名詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。
33.I)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，通過更好的水管理和耕作方式，棉花生產(chǎn)中的用水量可以減少 _____40%。將備選副詞分別代入句中，只有I)nearly“幾乎，差不多”能使句意通順，由此確定答案為I)。
34.K)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，這種被稱為“更好的棉花”的環(huán)保產(chǎn)品，僅通過_____棉花生產(chǎn)的需求，每年就可以節(jié)省數(shù)百萬升水。由句意可知，如果要節(jié)約水，就要減少棉花的產(chǎn)量，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“減少，降低”意義的動(dòng)詞，由此確定 答案為K)reducing。備選的另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式reckoning沒有此含義，因此排除。
35.M)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，然而，隨著水供應(yīng)_____,農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者需要更加意識(shí)到這些產(chǎn)品對(duì)整個(gè)環(huán)境的影響。備選動(dòng)詞中，雖然K)reducing減少”符合句意，但是動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不能作謂語，由此確定答案為M)shrink“減少”。其他備選動(dòng)詞不符合句意，因此排除。
36 .【定位】由題干中的inexpensive and easytouse定位到文章F)段倒數(shù)第二句。
F)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，迪托先生說，這項(xiàng)服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的宗旨是既便宜又易于運(yùn)行。題干中的spech-based weather information service指的是定位句中的The service,題干中的inexpensive and easy touse對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的cheapand easy to run,故答案為F)。
37.【定位】由題干中的doctors和spend more time taking care of patients 定位到文章K)段最后兩句。
K)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句指出，醫(yī)生通過語音 填寫關(guān)于患者的在線表格，每分鐘可以口述150個(gè)單詞，比在鍵盤上打字快三倍。這使他們能夠花更少的時(shí)間在管理上，花更多的時(shí)間給病人診斷病情。題干中的spend more time taking care of patients是對(duì)定位句中spend less time on administration and more timewith patients的歸納概括，故答案為K)。
38.【定位】由題干中的extremely difficult to convert voice into text和different pronunciations定位到文章H)段末句。
H)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，甚至把你的聲音轉(zhuǎn)換成文本也是最難解決的問題之一，因?yàn)榈厍蛏嫌卸嗌偃司陀卸嗌俜N發(fā)音方法。題干中的extremely difficult對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的one of the hardest problems,題干中的convert voice into text對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的 urning your voice into text,題干中的different pronunciations對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的many ways to pronounce things。題干是對(duì)定位句的總結(jié)概括，故答案為H)。
39.【定位】由題干中的 African farmers unable to read和don't have access to important information conveyed online定位到文章D)段第二、三句。
D)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，這就是非洲不 識(shí)字的農(nóng)民所面臨的情況。他們經(jīng)常對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供 給許多其他人的關(guān)鍵信息無從知曉。題干中的 Africanfarmers unable toread 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的 lliterate African farmers,題干中的don't have access是對(duì)定位句中denied的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的 important information conveyed online對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的crucial information the web offers,故答案為D)。
40.【定位】由題干中的voice assistants和send ads directly to them定位到文章J)段末句。
J)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，他們擔(dān)心有一 天助手會(huì)被用來直接向我們發(fā)送廣告。題干中的voice assistants對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的assistants, 題干中的send ads directly to them對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的deliver advertising directly to us,故答案為J)。
41.【定位】由題干中的 when one's hands are occupied 定位到文章M)段第一句。
M)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，當(dāng)你用手做其他事情時(shí)，使用語音也是有意義的。題干中的The spoken web指的就是定位句中的voice,題干中的helpful是對(duì)定位句中makessense的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的when one's hands are occupied對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的 when you're doing other things with your hands,故答案為M)。
42.【定位】由題干中的 online interaction和 depend mainly on voice定位到文章C)段第一句。
C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，一些人認(rèn)為語音很快就會(huì)取代打字和點(diǎn)擊成為在線互動(dòng)的主要方式。題干中的online interaction 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的interact online,題干中的depend mainly on對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的the main way,故答案為C)。
43.【定位】由題干中的Setting up a spoken web和by nomeans an easy task定位到文章G)段第二句。
G)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，建立語音網(wǎng)絡(luò)并非易事。題干中的Setting up a spoken web對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的building the spoken web,題干中的by no means an easy task是對(duì)定位句中isn't straightforward的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為G)。
44.【定位】由題干中的Weather information和extremely important to farmers定位到文章E)段末句。
E)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，對(duì)于想要播種、灌溉作物或放牧的農(nóng)民來說，知道什么時(shí)侯會(huì)下雨至關(guān)重要。題干中的Weather information指的就是定位句中的when it's going torain,題干中的extremely important to farmers對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的 vital for farmers,故答案為E)。
45.【定位】由題干中的concerned about privacy和their phones are constantly collecting their personal information定位到文章J)段第四、五句。
J)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，我們的手機(jī)總是在我們身邊，它們一直在收集關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)。這已經(jīng)引起了人們對(duì)隱私的擔(dān)憂。題干中的concerned about privacy 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的raised privacy concerns,題干中的their phones are constantly collecting their personal information對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的they are collectingdata about us all the time,故答案為J)。
46.【定位】由題干中的big houses和 promoted to be定位到首段第三句。
B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，大房子被宜傳 為是對(duì)辛勤工作和勤奮的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，而這一宜傳將住房從基本必需品變成了奢侈品。由此可見，流行文化與房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)都以大房子是對(duì)辛苦工作和勤奮的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)為噱頭來推銷豪宅，industriousness是對(duì) hard work和diligence的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B) 。
47.【定位】由題干中的consequences of living big定位到第三段首句。
A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。第三段主要介紹了住房面積 增大帶來的兩個(gè)后果。第三段第四句提到，曾經(jīng)的公共空間越來越私有化，導(dǎo)致所有人可用的公共設(shè)施數(shù)量減少，許多人的生活質(zhì)量下降了。由此可知，住房面積的增大導(dǎo)致很多美國(guó)人生活質(zhì)量下降了，故答案為A)。
48.【定位】由題干中的questions arise from living big定位到第四段首句。
A)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，住房面積增大的趨勢(shì)引發(fā)了道德問題。由此可見，住房面積增大的趨勢(shì)給人們帶來的是與道德原則有關(guān)的問題，故答案為A)。
49.【定位】由題干中的social system和unaceptable定位到第四段最后一句和第五段第一句。
D)【精析】推理判斷題。由第五段第一句“兩者都不 可接受”可知，不可接受的問題在第四段。第四段最后一句提到一種“富人購(gòu)買便利設(shè)施的增加意味著窮人的便利設(shè)施減少”的制度。換言之，作者反對(duì)“富人通過犧牲窮人的生活品質(zhì)而享受更舒適的生活的制度“,故答案為D)。
50.【定位】由題干中的advocate forpeople to live well定位到末段最后兩句。
C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，過得好可以意味著擁有更多的公共空間。對(duì)一些人來說，比起建造更大的房子，更好的目標(biāo)是為所有人創(chuàng)造更 多的公共空間和便利設(shè)施。由此可見，為了使人們過得好，作者主張創(chuàng)造更多每個(gè)人都可以享受的公共空間，故答案為C)。
51.【定位】由題干中的most entrepreneurs定位到首段第一句。
B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，大部分創(chuàng)業(yè)群體的人都會(huì)有幸擁有亦或是受苦于一種高于常人的野心。由此可知，創(chuàng)業(yè)者比普通人擁有更多的野心，故答案為B)。
52.【定位】由題干定位到第三段第一句。
A)【精析】推理判斷題。由于定位句位于第三段段首，需要結(jié)合第二段的內(nèi)容方可得到答案。第二段末句指出，如果你有更自然的動(dòng)力去設(shè)定目標(biāo)，那么你就更有可能成功。緊接著在第三段首句提到，事實(shí)并非一貫如此。這是針對(duì)第二段提出的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反駁，故答案為A)。
53.【定位】由題干中的extreme importance for one to become a successful entrepreneur定位到第四段第二句。
B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，這是有問題的，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)限制你適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的能力，而這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于想成為一名成功企業(yè)家的你來說又至關(guān)重要。由此可知，如果想成為成功的企業(yè)家，能夠適應(yīng)新環(huán)境是很重要的，故答案為B)。
54.【定位】由題干中的 the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor定位到第五段末句。
C)【 精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，不幸的是，對(duì)于最有野心的企業(yè)家而言，失敗被視為是災(zāi)難性的無法從中恢復(fù)。由此可知，無法從失敗中恢復(fù)就意味著職業(yè)生涯走向終點(diǎn)，故答案為C)。
55.【定位】由題文同序原則和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容定位到第七段末句。
D)【 精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，這意味著即便具備野心的人更有可能取得傳統(tǒng)意義上的“成功”,但這種成功卻無益于他們的健康和幸?！偃缒闶チ私】岛托腋?，其他的事情又有何重要呢?作者通過反問的方式，暗示了健康和幸福要比“成功”更重要，故答案為D)。
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