英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)附答案-66 美國(guó)商業(yè)

　　President Coolidge's statement, "The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?

 

　　One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself,

　　it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.

　　Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(壟斷) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.

　　A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government,even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important,or even more important,than democracy in preserving freedom.

　　Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based onfamily background. Business is therefore viewed as and expression of the idea of equality of

　　opportunity rather than the aristocratic(貴族的) idea of inherited privilege.

　　練習(xí)題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. The statement "The business of America is business" probably means"________".

　　A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce

　　B. Business problems are of great importance to the American government

　　C. Business is of primary concern to Americans

　　D. America is a great power in world business

　　2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only_____ .

　　A. when given equality of opportunity

　　B. through doing business

　　C. by protecting their individual freedom

　　D. by way of competition

　　3. Who can benefit from business competition?

　　A. Honest businessmen.

　　B. Both businessmen and their customers.

　　C. People with ideals of equality and freedom

　　D. Both business institutions and government.

　　4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ____.

　　A. its absolute control of power

　　B. its function in preserving personal freedom

　　C. its role in protecting basic American values

　　D. its democratic way of exercising leadership

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ .

　　A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries

　　B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status

　　C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries

　　D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America

　　1.[C] 詞義理解題。回答本題的關(guān)鍵是理解business的兩個(gè)不同的含義：①商業(yè)，生意;②職責(zé)，事物，事。句中前一個(gè)business的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是“事物,職責(zé)”，而后一個(gè)business的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是“商業(yè)”，因此C為正確答案。

　　2.[D] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。解題關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)第2段最后一句定語(yǔ)從句的理解。該句指出競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是對(duì)基本美國(guó)價(jià)值的保護(hù)傘，故可知，D為正確答案。

　　3.[B] 推理判斷題。第3段提到，商業(yè)之間為利潤(rùn)而互相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因此商人在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中能獲利;而對(duì)待其顧客不好的商家會(huì)被友好地對(duì)待其顧客的商家在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中打敗，因此顧客也能從競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲利，所以B為正確案。

　　4.[A] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第4段第1句提到，商業(yè)與政府的不同之處在_商業(yè)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的，而政府是壟斷性的，也即有著絕對(duì)的控制權(quán)，因此A為正確答案。

　　5.[B] 推理判斷題。第5段第3句提到，靠競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而來(lái)的成功通常被看作是用來(lái)替代基于家庭背景的社會(huì)地位的成功的美國(guó)式的成功。”其言下之意是在別的國(guó)家成功不是靠競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而是靠社會(huì)地位，因此B為正確答案。