迎戰(zhàn)高考：2018高考英語(yǔ)真題(五)

　　閱讀理解 (本大題共小題，每小題____分，共____分。)

　　第一部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

　　第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分)

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

　　A

　　You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

　　Jane Addams(1860-1935)

　　Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū))by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

　　If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

　　Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

　　When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(參議員) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

　　Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

　　On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set lff the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired lr giving in,”said Parks.

　　21.What is jane Addams noted for in history?

　　A. Her social work.

　　B. Her lack of proper training in law.

　　C. Her efforts to win a prize.

　　D. Her community background.

　　22. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

　　A. Her lack of proper training in law.

　　B. Her little work experience in court.

　　C. The discrimination against women.

　　D. The poor financial conditions.

　　23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?

　　A. Jane Addams.

　　B. Rachel Carson.

　　C. Sandra Day O’Connor.

　　D. Rosa Parks

　　24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

　　A. They are highly educated.

　　B. They are truly creative.

　　C. They are pioneers.

　　D. They are peace-lovers.

　　B

　　Grandparents Answer a Call

　　As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

　　No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.

　　“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fsst enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate manazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”

　　Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

　　25. Why was Garza’s move a success?

　　A. It strengthened her family ties.

　　B. It improved her living conditions.

　　C. It enabled her make more friends.

　　D. It helped her know more new places.

　　26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?

　　A. 17% expressed their support for it.

　　B. Few people responded sympathetically.

　　C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.

　　D. The majority thought it was a trend.

　　27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

　　A. They were unsure of raise more children.

　　B. They were eager to raise more children.

　　C. They wanted to live away from their parents.

　　D. They bad little respect for their grandparent.

　　28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?

　　A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own

　　B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them

　　C. Sacrifice for their struggling children

　　D. Get to know themselves better

　　C

　　I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干細(xì)胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.

　　I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:”Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:”In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plance to be held for me.re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

　　For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

　　29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17

　　A. provider

　　B. delivery man

　　C. collector

　　D. medical doctor

　　30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?

　　A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

　　B. The donor can only wait for that long.

　　C. The operation needs that very much.

　　D. The ice won't last any longer.

　　31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?

　　A. To London

　　B. To Newark

　　C. To Providence

　　D. To Washington

　　D

　　The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(間隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.

　　Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

　　Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic udner discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

　　Nurses and other care-geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be expericencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

　　32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?

　　A. It implies anger.

　　B. It promotes friendship.

　　C. It is culture-specific.

　　D. It is content-based.

　　33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?

　　A. The Chinese.

　　B. The French.

　　C. The Mexicans.

　　D. The Russians.

　　34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

　　A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.

　　B. Break it while treating patients.

　　C. Evaluate its harm to patients.

　　D. Make use of its healing effects.

　　35.What may be the best title for the text?

　　A. Sound and Silence

　　B. What It Means to Be Silent

　　C. Silence to Native Americans

　　D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

　　補(bǔ)全信息 (本大題共5小題，每小題____分，共____分。)

　　第二節(jié) (共 5 小題，每小題 2 分，滿分 10 分)

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

　　Secret codes (密碼)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

　　People have used secret codes for thousands of years. ____ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

　　There are three main types of cryptography. ____ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

　　____ You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”

　　A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.____For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” ____However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

　　A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

　　B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

　　C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

　　D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

　　E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

　　F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

　　G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

　　完型填空 (本大題共20小題，每小題____分，共____分。)

　　第三部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用 (共兩節(jié)，滿分 45)

　　第一節(jié) 完形填空(共 20 小題;每小題 1.5 分，滿分 30 分)

　　閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C 和 D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

　　A Heroic Driver

　　Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was ____along 165 north after delivering to one of his ____. suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. ____ he got closer, he found ____vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed ____ shooting out from under the ____ vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and ____the fire extinguisher (滅火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

　　The man who had his bright lights on ____ and told Larry he had ____an emergency call. They ____ heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毀壞的) vehicle.____the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay _____ until the emergency personnel arrived,____she thought the car was going to ________. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move ____she injured her neck.

　　Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man ____ and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the ____if he was needed or ________ to go. They let him and the other man go.

　　One thing is ____—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His ____ most likely saved the woman’s life.

　　41.A. walkingB. touringC. travelingD. rushing

　　42.A. passengersB. colleaguesC. employersD. customers

　　43.A. SinceB. AlthoughC. AsD. If

　　44.A. eachB. anotherC. thatD. his

　　45.A. flamesB. smokeC. waterD. steam

　　46.A. usedB. disabledC. removedD. abandoned

　　47.A. got hold ofB. preparedC. took charge ofD. controlled

　　48.A. came downB. came throughC. came inD. came over

　　49.A. returnedB. receivedC. madeD. confirmed

　　50.A. thenB. againC. finallyD. even

　　51.A. StartingB. ParkingC. PassingD. Approaching

　　52.A. quietB. stillC. awayD. calm

　　53.A. forB. soC. andD. but

　　54.A. explodeB. slip awayC. fall apartD. crash

　　55.A. as ifB. unlessC. in caseD. after

　　56.A. stepped forwardB. backed offC. moved onD. set out

　　57.A. womanB. policeC. manD. driver

　　58.A. forbiddenB. readyC. askedD. free

　　59.A. for certainB. for considerationC. reportedD. checked

　　60.A. patienceB. skillsC. effortsD. promise

　　語(yǔ)法填空 (本大題共10小題，每小題____分，共____分。)

　　第 II 卷

　　第三部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用

　　第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____ (attract).

　　So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I____(arrow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ____ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back ____ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____I was the first Western TV reporter____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

　　On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ____ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few ____( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,____ other is with mum-she never suspects.

　　簡(jiǎn)答題(綜合題) (本大題共1小題，每小題____分，共____分。)

　　71.第四部分 寫(xiě)作 (共兩節(jié) 滿分 35)

　　第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)(10 分)

　　假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。

　　文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(

　　

 

　　)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

　　刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(

　　

 

　　)劃掉。

　　修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1)每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

　　2)只允許修改10處，多著(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

　　My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 love .Though not very big ,but the Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some People even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his

　　Success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quallty oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.

　　書(shū)面表達(dá) (本大題共____分。)

　　72.第二節(jié) 書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿分25分)

　　假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司兼職，已寫(xiě)好申請(qǐng)書(shū)和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷(resume)。給外教Mr Jenkins 寫(xiě)信，請(qǐng)她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)

　　注意：

　　1)詞數(shù)100左右;

　　2)可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，已使行文連貫。

　　答案

　　閱讀理解

　　A C D C A D C A B D B C A D B

　　補(bǔ)全信息

　　D

　　E

　　G

　　F

　　A

　　完型填空

　　C D C C A B A D C A D B D A C B B D A C

　　語(yǔ)法填空

　　attraction

　　was allowed

　　officially

　　to

　　when

　　permitted

　　introducing

　　its

　　days

　　the

　　簡(jiǎn)答題

　　71. that →where 72. but去掉 73. had →have 74. honest→ honesty 75. or→ and 76. using →used 77. becoming前加of 78. the →a 79. our→ his 80. stead→steadily

　　書(shū)面表達(dá)

　　【參考范文】

　　Dear Mr Jenkins,

　　I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.

　　In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personals resume, so I don’t even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I’m writing you the letter , hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.

　　Looking forward to your reply. And I’d be really thankful.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　解析

　　閱讀理解

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，Jane Addams是因?yàn)樗纳鐣?huì)服務(wù)工作，所以答案選A。

　　本題屬于判斷題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，O’Connor’被法律公司拒絕的原因是當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)對(duì)婦女的歧視。所以答案選C。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，在美國(guó)，是Rosa Parks對(duì)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，所以答案選D。

　　本題推理判斷題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，文中提到的婦女都時(shí)先驅(qū)，所以答案選C。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，Garza搬家成功的原因是加強(qiáng)了她的家庭的聯(lián)系，所以答案選A。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，大眾對(duì)Mrs. Robinson的決定的反應(yīng)是大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)趨勢(shì)，所以答案選D。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，在1960s,他們只是想住得離父母遠(yuǎn)一些，所以答案選C。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，作者給爺爺奶奶的建議是根據(jù)他們自己的興趣來(lái)做選擇，所以答案選A。

　　本題屬于判斷題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，作者是一名干細(xì)胞運(yùn)輸志愿者，所以答案選B。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，Peter必須在42小時(shí)內(nèi)完成他的運(yùn)輸，是因?yàn)楸鶋K不能維持更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，所以答案選D。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，那位女士給Peter安排的第一趟飛機(jī)是到Newark，所以答案選B。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，在談話中，作者對(duì)于沉默的觀點(diǎn)是它是有著文化特異性，所以答案選C。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，是中國(guó)人把沉默當(dāng)成一種認(rèn)真思考的態(tài)度，所以答案選A。

　　本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，作者建議護(hù)士利用沉默的治愈效果去照顧病人，所以答案選D。

　　本題主旨判斷題，根據(jù)以上解題思路可知，答案選B。

　　補(bǔ)全信息

　　根據(jù)上面的解題思路可知，。故選項(xiàng)D正確。

　　根據(jù)上面的解題思路可知，是把信息藏于單詞的首字母中。故選項(xiàng)E正確。

　　根據(jù)上面的解題思路可知，另一種藏信息的方法是用字母表中的特殊字母來(lái)代替。故選項(xiàng)G正確。

　　根據(jù)上面的解題思路可知，有了密碼本，就可以寫(xiě)下代表其他單詞的單詞了。故選項(xiàng)F正確。

　　根據(jù)上面的解題思路可知，沒(méi)有密碼本，就很難破解密碼。故選項(xiàng)A正確。

　　完型填空

　　walk along沿著……走，符合題意。故選項(xiàng)C正確。

　　colleague同事，employer雇主;customer顧客;故選項(xiàng)D正確。

　　since自從，although雖然，as當(dāng)……時(shí)候，if如果;故選項(xiàng)C正確。

　　each每一，another另一，his他的，此處表示三者以上的另一個(gè);故選項(xiàng)C正確。

　　flame火焰，smoke煙，water水，steam蒸汽;故選項(xiàng)A正確。

　　used使用過(guò)的，disabled有缺陷的，removed移動(dòng)的，abandoned被拋棄的;故選項(xiàng)B正確。

　　get hold of拿起，prepare準(zhǔn)備，take charge of負(fù)責(zé)，control控制;故選項(xiàng)A正確。

　　come down下來(lái)，came through傳過(guò)來(lái)，came in進(jìn)來(lái)，came over過(guò)來(lái);故選項(xiàng)D正確。

　　return返回，receive收到，make制作，confirm確認(rèn);故選項(xiàng)C正確。

　　then然后，again又，再一次，finally最后，even甚至;故選項(xiàng)A正確。

　　start開(kāi)始，park停車(chē)，pass路過(guò)，approach靠近;此處意思為“靠近車(chē)輛”;故選項(xiàng)D正確。

　　quiet安靜的，still靜止的，不動(dòng)的，away離開(kāi)，calm平靜的;故選項(xiàng)B正確。

　　表轉(zhuǎn)折;故選項(xiàng)D正確。

　　explode爆炸，slip away逃走，fall apart崩潰，crash碰撞;車(chē)子馬上就要爆炸了，故選項(xiàng)A正確。

　　as if好像，unless除非，in case以防萬(wàn)一，after在……之后;故選項(xiàng)C正確。

　　stepped forward向前走，backed off后退，moved on繼續(xù)向前，set out出發(fā);此處為后退，故選項(xiàng)B正確。

　　woman婦女，police警察，driver司機(jī);故選項(xiàng)B正確。

　　forbidden禁止，ready準(zhǔn)備，asked問(wèn)，free自由;可以自主離開(kāi)free to go,故選項(xiàng)D正確。

　　for certain肯定地，for consideration以供考慮，reported報(bào)道，checked檢查;故選項(xiàng)A正確。

　　patience耐心，skills技巧，efforts努力，promise承諾;故選項(xiàng)C正確。

　　語(yǔ)法填空

　　attract吸引，名詞為attraction。

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，故用was allowed。

　　形容詞變副詞，在詞尾加ly。

　　go back to 返回，追溯到。

　　when當(dāng)……的時(shí)候。

　　過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)與完成。

　　include doing sth包含做某事。

　　it 形容詞性物主代詞為its。

　　day的復(fù)數(shù)形式在詞尾直接加s。

　　one…the other這一個(gè)……另一個(gè)。

　　簡(jiǎn)答題

　　本題為記敘文，可根據(jù)故事發(fā)展的線索把握時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，以及進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)的推斷。

　　書(shū)面表達(dá)

　　做為中學(xué)生，在課余要多閱讀，根據(jù)試卷上關(guān)于作文的提示，就可以很快構(gòu)思，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要細(xì)心，盡力避免低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。