究竟怎樣寫才能夠達到考官的托福寫作語言標準呢。好的寫作者從不寫他沒有見到過、讀到過或者聽到過的英語,也就是說多看好的范文,進行剖析和模仿是最有效的途徑之一。
Aeroplanes have the reputation of beingdangerous and even hardenedtravelers are intimidated by them. They also have thedisadvantage of being anexpensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speedand comfort.段落的開頭使用讓步加轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系引出了段落的主題:飛機旅行的有點—速度快、舒適。
這也預(yù)示了段落內(nèi)部的層次。 Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds,and atover 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have todevise ways of takingyour mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you toyour destination rapidly. 論述飛機速度的過程中:替代籠統(tǒng)表達高和快,作者直接寫出了飛機飛行的具體高度(30,000feet)和具體時速(500miles/hr)。充分體現(xiàn)出英文說理文章對細節(jié)的要求,因為只有細節(jié)才更具有真實性和說服力。而這一點往往是中國學(xué)生比較欠缺的。
緊接著開始展開段落的下一個層次:飛機的舒適度。而讓我們以外的是從引入第二個層次到最后的全部展開‘comfortable’這個字樣竟然從未出現(xiàn)過,那么取而代之讓讀者切身感受到這種舒適度不是別的正是細節(jié)的描寫,這也是該段最最精彩的部分。Fora few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy theflight. The realescapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. Settle back inadeep armchair 和sip champagne 足以讓讀者身臨其仿佛自己正懶懶地窩在座椅里舌尖流過美味的香檳酒。
But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keepyou occupied.An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of theworld. You soar effortlesslyover high mountains and deep valleys. You really seethe shape of the land. If the landscape ishidden from view, you can enjoy theextraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plain that stretchout for miles beforeyou, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clearsky…層層讓步的邏輯讓讀者覺得似乎無論怎樣,飛機總會給我們準備一份大禮。而對于機艙外面的景色描寫之細致自然而然的在讀者眼前展開了一副美妙的畫卷。就這樣,在沒有一句的話直接告訴我們飛機的舒適感的情況下,作者就是用細致的文字描寫帶著每個讀者舒舒服服的做了一回‘頭等艙’。
通過這樣的一個支持段,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)說理也可以很‘文藝’。細節(jié)描寫的加入,讓并不容易擴展的段落層次得以充分的展開。這不僅引人入勝,論據(jù)充分扎實,并且非常有效的解決了字數(shù)問題,也給了考生非常大的空間去展示自己的文字的功底。