托福寫作中反問句的使用方法

　　通過官方的評分細節(jié)，來說明態(tài)度及其反問句使用的意義。首先，我們看看官方對反問句是什么的態(tài)度。”The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.“ 顯然我們可以了解到評卷人把反問句看做加分點!

　　我們可以從上面官方給出來的點評得知，反問句的使用確實可以加分。因為通?？忌鷷X得反問句很難加入寫作中，尤其是對論述形式的寫作。但我們可以從上面的信息了解到至少評卷人把上述段落中的反問句視作一種“句型變化”而加以肯定和褒揚。先來看在托福Official Guide里備受評卷人贊譽的反問句的實例。

　　在原文第四段中，為了說明honesty的重要性作者是這樣寫的：

　　In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there...

　　上文的表態(tài)的意思可以理解為提出問題不需要回答，而這個問題只是更加強調(diào)作者的立場。因此我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)考官對于反問句的使用是非常認同而且鼓勵的。考生們也很擔(dān)心自己寫的反問句是不是老外眼中的那種反問句。

　　因此整理了一下國外關(guān)于反問句的定義，如下：

　　A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.

　　通過上文對反問句的定義，我們可以很明確告訴大家，反問句就是這樣寫的，不要在擔(dān)心。此外，也為大家分析一下反問句為什么能夠收到評卷人的贊譽而得到加分?這就要從托福作文的評分標準說起了。

　　托福Official Guide里面對于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下：

　　*Effectively addresses the topicand task

　　*Is well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details

　　*Display Unity, progression, and coherence

　　*Display consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity

　　我們可以從上述的高分作文要求得知，考生使用的反問句完全是符合要求的，并且能夠幫助考生在句式結(jié)構(gòu)上也加分不少。其實，除了體現(xiàn)“句型變化”，合理使用rhetorical question還能幫助我們滿足評分標準第一條的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事實上，反問句不僅能夠有效的回應(yīng)主題，還能強調(diào)作者的觀點從而獲得讀者的認同。同時我們也能知道，反問句的使用，尤其是設(shè)問的合理使用還能起到很好的銜接作用，也就是符合上述條件的第三條。

　　因此，總結(jié)反問句作用如下：

　　Emphasize a point 強調(diào)重點

　　Persuade powerfully 說服有利

　　Influence subtly 影響深遠

　　Provoke thinking 激發(fā)思維

　　Help smooth transition 合理承接上下文