托福寫(xiě)作遣詞造句的方法

　　托福寫(xiě)作考試想要拿到高分成績(jī)，那么我們可以從評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，找到備考的方法以及提分的要點(diǎn)。本篇文章為大家整理到的是關(guān)于托福寫(xiě)作中 ，遣詞造句的方法，供大家參考。

　　一、 恰當(dāng)

　　所謂恰當(dāng)，除了拼寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確外，主要是體現(xiàn)在搭配恰當(dāng)上。例如，修飾名詞的形容詞和名詞必須搭配恰當(dāng)，動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)必須搭配恰當(dāng)。此外，寫(xiě)作時(shí)不能完全依賴翻譯，尤其是詞不達(dá)意的翻譯。否則，很有可能出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤的搭配，導(dǎo)致考官無(wú)法理解，下面是朗閣海外考試研究中心總結(jié)的一些常見(jiàn)的搭配錯(cuò)誤：

　　1. prompt &promote

　　不少考生沒(méi)法區(qū)分兩個(gè)詞prompt(促使)和promote(促進(jìn))之間的區(qū)別。我們通過(guò)兩個(gè)句子來(lái)看一下。

　　錯(cuò)誤用法：There are three factors that promote people to go abroad.

　　正確用法：There are three factors that prompt people to go abroad.

　　2. enrich & make … prosper

　　有些學(xué)生將enrich 理解為“使 富裕”，雖然不能說(shuō)全錯(cuò)，但是現(xiàn)在主要的意思是“使 豐富”，如詞組：enrich one’s experience。

　　錯(cuò)誤用法： Factories, which enrich the remote areas for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

　　正確用法： Factories which make the remote areas prosper, for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

　　3. train & develop

　　表示“培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成”等意思時(shí)，容易不假思索地使用train，但是正確的詞匯是develop, cultivate, nurture等。如：

　　錯(cuò)誤用法： The younger generations are hoped to train their independence as soon as possible.

　　正確用法： The younger generations are hoped to develop their independence as soon as possible.

　　二、有變化

　　所謂有變化，就是指考生在寫(xiě)作中，一個(gè)詞最好只出現(xiàn)一次，第二次或后幾次出現(xiàn)時(shí)用其他的詞來(lái)替換。替換的方法有同義詞，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，以及下義詞等方法。下面朗閣海外考試研究中心將為考生們一一講解。

　　1. 同義詞

　　關(guān)于老年人的話題在新托?？荚囍性?jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)，情況對(duì)“老年人”的多樣表達(dá)：

　　the elderly, the old, the aged, ageing population, the retired, senior citizens

　　下面是新托福材料中，摘抄的兩段話，非常形象的體現(xiàn)了一個(gè)詞的多樣表達(dá)，先看第一段，請(qǐng)大家注意“奇怪的”這個(gè)詞在這一段話中的使用：

　　Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

　　又如，在下文中，四個(gè)詞形式不同，但都是“顯著的”意思。

　　In 1900, the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents---New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles(114000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles.

　　為了做到用詞有變化，朗閣海外考試研究中心為大家列舉了托福寫(xiě)作中最常用的一些詞的同義表達(dá)：

　　同意v : accede to, agree with/on, approve of, consent to, subscribe to, side with

　　認(rèn)為v: consider, deem, figure, reckon, believe, think, say, hold, claim, assume, argue, maintain, contend, assert, state, declare

　　影響n: impact, influence, effect, implication, affection

　　因素n : factor, contributor, ingredient, element

　　促進(jìn)v: enhance, improve, promote, boost， advance, further

　　培養(yǎng)v: cultivate, foster, develop, nurture

　　重要的adj: important, critical, crucial, major, essential, vital, main, pivotal

　　明顯的adj: manifest, apparent, evident, obvious

　　大量的: myriads of, a host of, a multitude of, a great deal of, a vast number of(+cn) , a vast amount of (+un), a plenty of, a wide range of, a great variety of

　　2. 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的變化

　　語(yǔ)法的變化指的是，將一個(gè)詞從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上做一個(gè)變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)多樣性，常見(jiàn)的有詞性變化，從句和分詞的轉(zhuǎn)變等等。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：

　　energy consumption = energy which is consumed = energy consumed

　　the production of ozone-damaging gases

　　= the amount of gases which are produced to damage the ozone layer

　　3. 下義詞

　　所謂下義關(guān)系，亦稱種屬關(guān)系，就是指幾個(gè)單詞的詞義屬于另一個(gè)詞的詞義范疇。充分利用下義關(guān)系是強(qiáng)化單詞記憶的好方法，這在復(fù)習(xí)階段尤其如此。

　　1). Color

　　其下義詞有：white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, orange等;

　　2). Subject

　　的下義詞有：maths, physics, chemistry, politics, Chinese, biology等;

　　3). profession

　　其下義詞有：doctor, teacher, accountant, president, lawyer等;

　　4). means of transportation

　　其下義詞有：car, bus, subway, bicycle, ship等。

　　以上介紹的三種方法對(duì)考生的同意轉(zhuǎn)換能力提供參考。

　　三、具體表達(dá)

　　中國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的運(yùn)用或觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)都喜歡用籠統(tǒng)的概括的表達(dá)方法，然而這和新托福的用詞要求是不吻合的。外國(guó)人在表示任何一個(gè)對(duì)象的時(shí)候都是非常具體的。

　　1). 籠統(tǒng)：This room is good.

　　具體：The room is clean, spacious and well-decorated.

　　第一句很空洞，說(shuō)完后不會(huì)給人留下任何印象，是一句廢話，然而第二句勝在具體，能夠?qū)⒎块g具體好在哪些方面反映出來(lái)，這也是新托福寫(xiě)作所要求的具體表達(dá)。

　　2). 籠統(tǒng): It is said that a magnificent building was destroyed yesterday.

　　具體: The local news says that the University Inn was burnt down last night.

　　第一句的籠統(tǒng)在兩個(gè)詞，一是magnificent，二是was destroyed，如果將這個(gè)樓和被破壞的具體方式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，會(huì)更生動(dòng)形象。