敘述故事就是寫出真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,這些事件可以是發(fā)生在其他人身上的,也可以是發(fā)生在自己身上的,適合它的舉例詞匯比較多,在此僅討論相對“高端”的兩種:illustrate與exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。為了能更加直觀地展現(xiàn)舉例的這種方法,現(xiàn)以TPO16的獨(dú)立寫作題目為例,“最佳的旅行方式是跟隨有導(dǎo)游的旅游團(tuán)”,并且選擇disagree(其實(shí)也可選擇agree,但舉例方法大同小異,所以在此只討論disagree的情況),理由是“導(dǎo)游會把游客帶到商品價格極高的紀(jì)念品店”,例子是my cousin Joseph的一段親身經(jīng)歷,這就是一個真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,也即敘述故事:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
故事一般可由以下兩類詞匯引入,現(xiàn)在我們來逐一討論。
一、illustrate與exemplify,這兩個詞是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的,如果能將它們用好,必定會使文章增色不少,這兩個詞通常用來引人一個真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,使用時需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)(illustrate與exemplify同義,可互換):
1. illustrate 與exemplify都是及物動詞,它們的賓語都是表“觀點(diǎn)”的詞,如point等。
2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性,with可用by替換,the case of可用the example of與the story about等表達(dá)進(jìn)行替換,但要注意它們所用介詞的不同。
3. exemplify被很多的考生拼錯,寫成examplify——它與example不同,是以exe-開頭的,而不是exa-。偶爾的拼寫錯誤不傷大雅,但是很多的拼寫錯誤很有可能導(dǎo)致失分。
【參考例句】
Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. I will illustrate/exemplify this point with the case of my cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 100 dollars, which was too expensive.
當(dāng)然,也可以選擇被動語態(tài),主動被動換著使用,寫成:
Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. This point can be illustrated/exemplified with the case ofmy cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.
二、…deserves a special mention,這個表達(dá)也是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的,如果能用好它,文章一定會顯得高大上,這個表達(dá)通常也用來引人一個真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件,使用時需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1. 在…deserves a special mention中,a可以省略,寫成…deserves special mention。
2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性,when it comes to…可用speaking of…等表達(dá)進(jìn)行替換。
3. 也可結(jié)合上面提到的語言點(diǎn),寫成The case of…/The example of…/The story about…deserves a special mention,后跟具體的事件即可;由于主語是第三人稱單數(shù),因此deserve也要相應(yīng)地使用第三人稱單數(shù),這是非常簡單的問題,但往往被相當(dāng)一部分考生所忽略,因此造成失分,非??上?。
【參考例句】
When it comes to being taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive, my cousin Joseph deserves a special mention. He last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.
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