托福寫作英文標點符號用法大全(2)

　　1.與中文一樣，分號用于分隔地位平等的獨立子句。在某些情況下，使用分號比使用句點更顯出子句之間的緊密聯系，另外分號也經常與連接副詞 thus, however, therefore一起使用(放在這些詞語之前)。如 I realize I need exercise; however, I’ll lie down first to think about it.

　　2.在句子中如果已經使用過逗點，為了避免歧義的產生，就用分號來分隔相似的內容。如 The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.

　　需要注意的是：一個完整的句子以大寫字母開始，以句點結束。寫英文時用逗點代替句點、分號、冒號或破折號叫“逗號錯”，這正是中國學生所要避免的。

　　請比較下列例句：

　　誤：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.

　　(注意：上面句子中劃橫線的部分是兩個不同的主語，而且逗點前后的句子是完整的-----單獨拿出來都能代表一個完整的意思。因此，用逗號違反了英文規(guī)定，即一個句子只能有一套主干。)

　　正：It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.

　　It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.

　　It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.

　　They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.

　　It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.

　　As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.

　　誤：The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.

　　正：The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.

　　The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.

　　五、托福寫作中冒號英文標點符號用法——冒號(：)

　　1.冒號用于對后面內容的介紹或解釋，如 This is her plan: go shopping.

　　2.冒號用于名單之前，特別是一個豎排的名單。

　　We transferred three employees to new branches:

　　Tony Wang to New York City

　　Mike Jackson to Tokyo

　　Mark Foster to Paris

　　當名單橫排的時候，冒號要用在一個完整的句子之后，如 We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor.

　　3.冒號用于一個正式的引用之前。如 The professor said: “It was horrible.”

　　4.冒號也可用于商業(yè)或正式信函的稱謂后面，如 Dear Mr. Lee:(美國英語中，信件或演說詞的稱呼語之后用冒號，而在英國英語中多用逗號。)

　　5.冒號用于數字時間的表示，如16:45 或 4:45 p.m.

　　6.冒號用于主標題和副標題之間，如 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data

　　六、托福寫作中英文標點逗點用法——逗點(，)

　　1.逗點用于分隔一系列的簡單內容，如 I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen.

　　2.逗點用于修飾名詞的多個形容詞之間，如 a small, fancy bike

　　3.逗點用于連接兩個較長的獨立子句，而且每個句子的主語不同，如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.

　　4.逗點用于關聯的子句之間，如 Since he’s your younger brother, please take care of him.

　　5.逗點用于一個較長的修飾短語之后，如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.

　　6.逗點用于直接引用的句子之前，如 Mary said, “Let’s go fishing.”(注意：這里說的和上面提及的冒號在直接引語中的使用不一樣。如果是引用比較正式的發(fā)言講話就要用冒號，一般情況下就用逗點。)

　　如果句中含有間接引用就不需要逗點，如 Mary said we should go fishing.

　　在反問句之前要使用逗點，

　　如 :He worked very hard, didn’t he?

　　以上是比較常用的標點,下面列出一些次常用的標點。