托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作：如何讓教育類話題的語(yǔ)言更地道

　　筆者跟大家分享針對(duì)于教育類的話題，如何讓你的文章語(yǔ)言更地道更出彩。眾所周知，托?？荚嚨膶?xiě)作和口語(yǔ)部分都屬于輸出型(output)的測(cè)試，需要大家自己寫(xiě)出或說(shuō)出你的理由并解釋。但是，輸出前一定要做的工作是輸入，否則大家再考場(chǎng)上會(huì)覺(jué)得大腦空空如也，任何有效信息都輸出不了。可能有些考生會(huì)覺(jué)得自己的思維活躍，在考場(chǎng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編寫(xiě)也能夠完成考試內(nèi)容。但殊不知，對(duì)于一個(gè)英語(yǔ)不是母語(yǔ)的考生而言，這樣做是非常危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)橛h語(yǔ)言有很多差異，導(dǎo)致大家在考場(chǎng)上臨場(chǎng)編寫(xiě)出的理由和解釋都非常中式，換句話說(shuō)就犯了托福寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的大忌——語(yǔ)言不地道。為了幫助大家能夠在準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨某跗诟咝У胤e累大量的地道語(yǔ)言，筆者在此幫助大家從外文雜志及相關(guān)書(shū)籍中摘錄出大量Native Speaker所寫(xiě)的文章中一些地道的表達(dá)，大家可以在平時(shí)進(jìn)行積累，即便在考場(chǎng)上揮筆寫(xiě)出讓考官大為稱贊的地道文章。從本期開(kāi)始，筆者會(huì)依據(jù)不同的話題分類給大家提供相關(guān)積累，本期重點(diǎn)推出教育類話題的地道語(yǔ)言。

　　教育類話題地道詞組匯總

　　· have a strong impact on 對(duì)。。。有很大影響

　　例句：同齡人會(huì)對(duì)青少年在校的學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生很大影響。

　　Peers can have a strong impact on a teenager’s performance in his/her studies at school.

　　· feel peer pressure 感到來(lái)自同齡人的壓力

　　例句：許多青少年對(duì)上學(xué)感到厭惡，因?yàn)樗麄兏械搅送g人的壓力。

　　Some adolescents feel repellent to go to schools because they feel peer pressure.

　　· Work as a team 作為團(tuán)隊(duì)工作

　　例句：作為團(tuán)隊(duì)工作將使人們更容易獲得成功。

　　Working as a team makes it easier for people to achieve success.

　　· prevent school violence 預(yù)防校園暴力

　　例句：如果能夠預(yù)防校園暴力，那么青少年犯罪率也將有望下降。

　　If we can prevent school violence，it is expected that the juvenile crime rate will decrease as well.

　　· major in 主修

　　例句：對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)主修他們感興趣的課程是更明智的。

　　It is more advisable for students to major in the course they are into.

　　· Participate in a class discussion 參與課堂討論

　　例句：那些滿懷熱情參課堂討論的學(xué)生更有可能取得好的成績(jī)。

　　Students participating in a class discussion with enthusiasm are more likely to perform better in their study.

　　· study abroad 出國(guó)留學(xué)

　　例句：讓孩子出國(guó)留學(xué)對(duì)父母來(lái)說(shuō)要花很多錢。

　　It costs a lot of money for parents to make their children study abroad.

　　· career preparation 職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備

　　例句：人們上大學(xué)除了為學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)，還為做職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備。

　　Besides pursuing knowledge, people also attend a university to do their career preparation.

　　· increase one’s potential capability 增加某人潛力

　　例句：給學(xué)生們提供參加社團(tuán)活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)講能夠幫助他們?cè)黾幼陨淼臐摿Α?/p>

　　Offering students opportunities to take part in club activities at school can help student increase their potential capability.

　　· organize one’s thoughts 理清思路

　　例句：寫(xiě)作時(shí)，你能更好得理清思路。

　　As you write, you will be able to organize your thoughts better.

　　· be required to 必須;被要求…

　　例句：我認(rèn)為，每一位公民都應(yīng)該被要求為保護(hù)周遭的環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。

　　From my perspective, every citizen should be required to make contributions to protecting surrounding environment.

　　· develop expertise in 培養(yǎng)在…方面的專長(zhǎng)

　　例句：如果有個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的暑假，我們可以利用它來(lái)培養(yǎng)在某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專長(zhǎng)。

　　If we have a long summer vacation, we can use it to develop expertise in a certain field.

　　· form a study group 組成學(xué)習(xí)小組

　　例句：一旦與其他人成立學(xué)習(xí)小組，你就應(yīng)該遵守小組規(guī)則。

　　Once you form a study group with others, you should follow the rules of the group.

　　· make a change in 在…方面做出改變

　　例句：Taking responsibility for your own behavior will be the first step to make a change in your life.

　　· attend a summer camp 參加夏令營(yíng)

　　例句：Children these days can gain the opportunity to attend summer camps and can thus become more independent than in the past.

　　· study with a group 與小組一起學(xué)習(xí)

　　例句：Studying with a group is often not as efficient as studying by oneself.

　　· have a strong curiosity about 對(duì)…有強(qiáng)烈好奇心

　　例句：Children usually have a strong curiosity about the plots in some violent movies and might consequently mimic those improper plots unconsciously.

　　· optional subjects/compulsory subjects 選修科目/必修科目

　　例句：I believe most optional subjects are as important as compulsory subjects.

　　· be competent in 在…方面有能力

　　例句：Students who have been taken the pre-career training classes tend to become more competent in the competitive job market.

　　· put a priority on 優(yōu)先考慮。。。

　　例句：Some people commit crimes because they only put a priority on personal gains.

　　以上是筆者為大家整理出的常用于托福寫(xiě)作教育類話題的地道詞組，在這里筆者再為大家介紹一種學(xué)習(xí)方法。詞組僅僅背過(guò)一遍還不足以支撐你去輸出，所以大家需要進(jìn)行模擬輸出練習(xí)。換句話說(shuō)，你需要將這些詞組想辦法應(yīng)用在一個(gè)段落當(dāng)中，讓他們發(fā)揮作用。并且通過(guò)不斷地應(yīng)用這些詞組在自己的寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中，不斷地刺激自己的大腦，讓他們從一群“死詞組”變成一個(gè)個(gè)靈動(dòng)的“活詞組”。下面筆者為大家展示幾個(gè)剛才上文呈現(xiàn)的詞組在段落中的應(yīng)用：

　　詞組應(yīng)用展示段一：

　　Some students do not want to go to school because they feel peer pressure. According to the research, peers do have a strong impact on teenagers’ performance in their study at school. In order to help students to get rid of peer pressure and create a sounder study environment, schools take a series of measures. Some schools encourage students to work as a team when doing their assignments; also some boarding schools require students to share a room with other students. These measures can make students to know much about each other and help each other as well; subsequently, these measures are also favorable for preventing peer pressure. (有些學(xué)生不想上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗麄兏械酵g人的壓力。調(diào)查表明，同齡人確實(shí)會(huì)對(duì)青少年在校的學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。為了給學(xué)生營(yíng)造一個(gè)更健康的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍，幫助他們抵抗同齡人的壓力，很多學(xué)校采取了一系列的措施。有些學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在完成任務(wù)時(shí)進(jìn)行團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，還有些寄宿制學(xué)校要求學(xué)生與他人分享一個(gè)宿舍。這些方法都有助于學(xué)生們之間增加相互之間的了解與幫助; 進(jìn)而對(duì)于避免同齡人壓力也是有幫助作用的 )

　　詞組應(yīng)用展示段二：

　　Everyone knows that it costs a lot of money for parents to make their children study abroad. Despite of this fact, my parents sent me to America after I graduated from senior high school. Before I went to America to finish my bachelor degree, I used a long summer vacation to develop expertise in biology. As biology is my favorite subject, I majored in biology when I entered in the Stanford University in America. In the tutorial class, we formed many study groups and each group contained about 4-5 students. At class, all students together with the tutor would participate in a class discussion with enthusiasm. Those discussions were related to our future career and thus could help us to do our career preparation. We were also required to read a book every week and to write a book report. I found that this was a good way to share ideas with others and could help me to organize my thoughts better. From my perspective, our university provided students with opportunities to increase their potential capabilities by offering the tutorial classes. (每個(gè)人都知道，讓孩子出國(guó)留學(xué)對(duì)父母來(lái)說(shuō)要花費(fèi)很多錢。但不顧這個(gè)事實(shí)，我的父母在我高中畢業(yè)之后將我送去了美國(guó)。在我去美國(guó)讀本科之前，我利用了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的暑假來(lái)培養(yǎng)我在生物方面的專長(zhǎng)。由于生物是我最喜歡的學(xué)科，在我進(jìn)入斯坦福大學(xué)之后我主修了生物。在我們的研究班上，我們組成了許多學(xué)習(xí)小組，每個(gè)小組大概4-5個(gè)學(xué)生。在課上，所有學(xué)生和老師都滿懷熱情得參與課堂討論。這些討論都是與我們未來(lái)職業(yè)相關(guān)的，因此可以幫助我們做職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備。我們被要求每周讀一本書(shū)并且寫(xiě)讀書(shū)報(bào)告。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個(gè)與人分享觀點(diǎn)的好辦法，并且還能幫助我更好地理清思路。依我看來(lái)，我們學(xué)校通過(guò)研究班的方式為學(xué)生提供了提高潛能的機(jī)會(huì)。)

　　接下來(lái)，筆者再為大家奉上一組教育類話題的地道句子供各位考生積累借鑒。

　　教育類話題地道好句匯總

　　· 一些人強(qiáng)調(diào)合作的重要性，其他人則認(rèn)為個(gè)人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的意義不應(yīng)被拒絕或被忽視。

　　· While some people emphasize great importance of cooperation, others argue that the significance of individual competition should not be rejected or neglected.

　　· 我很難想象出這樣的計(jì)劃除了會(huì)深層扭曲十幾歲的孩子們的天性外還能產(chǎn)生出任何益處。

　　· I can hardly imagine any benefit that such a scheme could produce except for further distortions of teenagers' natures.

　　· 他們上大學(xué)是為了在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上獲得更多的選擇，更高的工資和更多的晉升機(jī)會(huì)。

　　· They attend college to obtain more choices, higher salaries, and more opportunities for advancement in an increasingly competitive job market.

　　· 除了建造適當(dāng)?shù)膱D書(shū)館設(shè)施的費(fèi)用，大學(xué)必須每年花錢使其館藏安排有序且不斷更新。

　　· In addition to the cost of building adequate library facilities, a university must pay every year to keep its collection well organized and up-to-date.

　　· 一些學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在大班授課時(shí)集中精力，安靜地讀書(shū)是更有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。

　　· Some students find it difficult to concentrate in large lectures and find reading quietly a more effective way of studying.

　　· 如果要求學(xué)生參加那些已經(jīng)熟悉的課程，最好的情況是他們會(huì)對(duì)多余的材料感到厭煩，最糟的情況是他們會(huì)在不太精通的科目中考試不及格。

　　· If students are required to attend classes which they are already familiar with, at best they will be bored by redundant material, at worse they will fail tests in subjects they are less proficient in.

　　· 父母應(yīng)對(duì)孩子的教育應(yīng)該積極參與，鼓勵(lì)，激發(fā)他們以幫助他們走出難關(guān)。

　　· Parents should take an active interest in their child’s education and help him/her get through difficult times by encouraging and motivating him/her.

　　· 大學(xué)生需要被授予更多關(guān)于個(gè)人理財(cái)?shù)募记珊托畔⒁詰?yīng)對(duì)日常生活中每個(gè)人都將要面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，它包括：守信譽(yù)，個(gè)人理財(cái)和顧客意識(shí)。

　　· College students need to be taught more skills and information about personal finance management to enable them to meet the challenges that face everyone in daily life, which includes playing the credit game, planning their personal financial strategy, and consumer awareness.

　　· 大學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)更多關(guān)于人際關(guān)系及交流的課程是必須的，因?yàn)樯缃槐人烙浻脖车闹R(shí)與學(xué)生們更加息息相關(guān)。

　　· It is imperative and inevitable that colleges and universities should offer more courses on interpersonal relationship and communication because social contact has much greater relevance for students than the knowledge by rote.

　　· 藝術(shù)對(duì)于學(xué)生們的教育至關(guān)重要，因此應(yīng)該和數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)等主流學(xué)科一樣受到重視。

　　· The arts are vitally important to students’ education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects.

　　以上就是筆者為大家整理出的托福作文中教育類話題常用的美語(yǔ)中地道的詞組和句子，大家可以針對(duì)自己現(xiàn)階段的學(xué)習(xí)情況，摘錄自己還不熟悉的內(nèi)容，積累在固定的本子上，利用平時(shí)上放學(xué)路上以及各種零散時(shí)間對(duì)這些詞組和句子進(jìn)行鞏固記憶。寫(xiě)作的學(xué)習(xí)是無(wú)止境的，只有不斷地讀不斷地積累，方能融會(huì)貫通為我所用。正所謂“讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷下筆如有神”，“多”輸入，才能“好”產(chǎn)出。