1. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 一直以來,他提出的主張都是毋庸置疑的,不僅他自己深信不疑而且還說服了廠家和商家相信其真實性。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently// that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management//that they are true .第一段是句子主干,主語是He,謂語是has put forward,賓語是unquestioned claims,so consistently是程度狀語;第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句,和前面的so形成搭配,在從句里有并列結(jié)構(gòu)not only...but (also)連接了并列動詞believes 和has convinced ,共同作從句的謂語;第三段畫線部分是that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,作謂語動詞has convinced的賓語(即賓語從句)(原理是固定搭配:convince sb. that... “讓某人信服……”)。
【詞匯精記】 put forward 提出;unquestioned 毫無疑義的;claim 聲稱,主張;consistently 一致的,一貫的;convince sb. that... 讓某人信服……;industrial and business management 工商管理(方)。
2. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
【翻譯演練】 _________________________
【參考譯文】 這些新近被描述的語言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語言往往差別顯著,以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas和Sapir編造了材料。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 句子的主干是The...languages were... so strikingly different from... that ...;句子里包含一個so...that句型,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
【詞匯精記】 newly(相當(dāng)于recently)最近地;strikingly 顯著地;be different from 不同于;the newly described languages 新近被描述的語言;the well studied languages 已經(jīng)得到充分研究的語言;accuse sb. of sth. 指責(zé)/指控某人做了某事;fabricate data 編造數(shù)據(jù);Southeast Asia 東南亞;scholar 學(xué)者。
3. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 家用電器將會變得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它們會引發(fā)一種新的心理疾病——廚房狂躁癥。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 And home appliances will also become so smart// that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout (of a new psychological disorder)—(kitchen rage).第一段是句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu):主語是home appliances,謂語是will become,表語是so smart;第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句,和前面的so形成結(jié)構(gòu)搭配,其中畫線部分是并列的動名詞短語作從句主語,will result in是謂語動詞,the breakout是賓語,括號中的of短語是賓語the breakout的后置定語,句末括號部分則是其前面a new psychological disorder的同位語,對其進行解釋。
【詞匯精記】 home appliance 家用電器;smart 聰明的,引申為“智能的”;result in 引發(fā),導(dǎo)致;breakout(突然)發(fā)生;出現(xiàn);psychological disorder 心理混亂(失調(diào));kitchen 廚房;rage 憤怒,暴怒。
4. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have: their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.
【翻譯演練】 ________________________
【參考譯文】 過程并不是其自身,而是當(dāng)人們遇到新的體驗和不期而至的障礙時所表現(xiàn)出的態(tài)度和感受:謹(jǐn)慎或者勇氣。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings//(people have: their caution or courage , as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles ).第一段是主系表結(jié)構(gòu):主語是The process,謂語是系動詞is,表語是由not...,but (rather)...連接的兩個并列的名詞短語the road和the attitudes and feelings;第二段是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句,修飾先行詞the attitudes and feelings,冒號后面的their caution or courage表示對先行詞的內(nèi)容解釋,畫線部分as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,是定語從句的一部分,修飾定語從句的謂語動詞have,表示其發(fā)生的時間。
【詞匯精記】 process 過程,工藝;not..., but (rather)... 根本不是……而是……;attitude 態(tài)度;caution 謹(jǐn)慎;encounter 遇到;unexpected 出乎預(yù)料的;obstacle 障礙。
5. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 我們之所以感激他們,是因為在此之后,這些語言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了;這是由于說這些語言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己本族的語言。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 We are obliged to them// because some of these languages have since vanished ,//{ as the peoples (who spoke them) died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages}.第一段是主句:主語是We,謂語動詞是are obliged to,賓語是them;第二段是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,修飾are obliged,表示其原因;第三段則是as引導(dǎo)的另一個原因狀語從句,但修飾的卻是前面從句中的謂語動詞have vanished,表示其原因;在as引導(dǎo)的從句中,主語是the peoples(括號中的who spoke them是其定語從句),謂語動詞是or連接的并列謂語died out和became assimilated and lost...。
【詞匯精記】 be obliged to sb. 感激某人;since 自此以后(此處是副詞);vanish 消失;peoples 種族;die out 滅絕;become assimilated 被吸收,被同化;native languages 本族(國)語言。
6. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________________
【參考譯文】 然而,世界就是如此:那些更加令人著迷、令人愉悅的方面,完美的體系一般無法解決。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 However, the world is so made// that elegant systems are (in principle) unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects .第一段是句子主干;第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句,和前面的so形成搭配,表示其結(jié)果;從句的主語是elegant systems,謂語是are unable to deal with,賓語是some,括號中的in principle(一般而言)是從句謂語的范圍狀語,后面畫線部分是賓語較長的后置定語。
【詞匯精記】 elegant 優(yōu)雅的;system 體系,體制;in principle 一般而言;deal with 解決,處理;fascinating 令人著迷的;delightful 令人愉快的;aspect 方面。
7. The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.
【翻譯演練】 ________________________
【參考譯文】 如果要在智力方面做任何比較的話,就所有的參比對象而言前二者必須是等同的。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The first two must be equal for all (who are being compared),// if any comparison (in terms of intelligence) is to be made.第一段中who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞all;第二段if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句修飾謂語動詞must be,括號中的的介詞短語in terms of...作any comparison的后置定語。
【詞匯精記】 make a comparison 作比較;in terms of 就……而言,在……方面;intelligence 智力;equal 等同的,平等的。
8. The greater interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________
【參考譯文】 過去的三十年里,在公共教育領(lǐng)域里所表現(xiàn)出的對特殊兒童的關(guān)注表明在我們社會有這樣一種強烈的感受:所有的公民都應(yīng)該有機會充分發(fā)展自身的能力,無論其自身條件如何。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The greater interest (in exceptional children) (shown in public education over the past three decades ) indicates the strong feeling (in our society)//that all citizens , whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity (to fully develop their capabilities).這句話的主干是第一段:主語是The greater interest,謂語是indicates,賓語是the strong feeling;主語后面括號中介詞短語in...和過去分詞短語shown in...是其后置定語( 斜體部分over the past three decades則是shown的時間狀語),賓語feeling后面的in our society是介詞短語作feeling的后置定語;第二段中,that引導(dǎo)的從句是feeling的同位語從句,對feeling作內(nèi)容的解釋;在that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句里,畫線部分是從句主干:主語是all citizens,謂語動詞是deserve,賓語是the opportunity,賓語后的不定式to...是后置定語修飾賓語;最值得關(guān)注的是:whatever又引導(dǎo)了一個讓步狀語從句,作插入結(jié)構(gòu),加強從句的語氣,修飾indicate( 該讓步狀語從句省略了動詞are)。
【詞匯精記】 exceptional children 特殊兒童;indicate 暗示,表明;over the past three decades 在過去的三十年里;deserve 值得;capability 能力;deserve the opportunity to 應(yīng)有機會做……。
9. Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of plants, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 雖然起源自某處的生命可能只有1%會進化成為高級復(fù)雜的智能生命形態(tài),但行星的數(shù)量是如此龐大,智能生命必然是宇宙的自然組成部分。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life (that has started somewhere) will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns,//so vast is the number of plants,// that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.第一段是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,其中主語是1 percent of the life,其后是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句對其限定修飾,謂語動詞是will develop into,賓語是highly ...patterns;第二段是主句,因so vast置于句首,句子采用了倒裝,正常的語序形式是主系表結(jié)構(gòu):the number of plants is so vast;第三段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句,與主句中的so形成so...that結(jié)構(gòu)。
【詞匯精記】 develop into 發(fā)展成,進化成;highly complex 高度復(fù)雜的;intelligent 聰明的;pattern 模式,方式;intelligent patterns 智能生命形態(tài);intelligent life 智能生命;be bound to 注定;universe 宇宙;vast 遼闊的,巨大的。
10. While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.
【翻譯演練】 _____________________________
【參考譯文】 黑人列車員的行為源自于自己的痛苦經(jīng)歷,而白人列車員的行為則出自于自己的宗教信仰。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences,//whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.本句是一個典型的主從復(fù)合句,第一段是由while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,while是“盡管”之意,相當(dāng)于although;第二段是主句。
【詞匯精記】 black 黑人,黑人的;white 白人,白人的;conductor 列車員,導(dǎo)體;motivate 激勵,給予動機;commonly 通常;drive 驅(qū)使;religious 宗教的;conviction 信仰。
11. Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
【翻譯演練】 ___________________________
【參考譯文】 由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展,各地的人都不斷感到有新的需求,并不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想,而上述這些原因也使得各國政府不得不經(jīng)常采取更進一步的革新措施。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Owing to the remarkable development (in mass-communications), people (everywhere) are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,// while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons (given above).第一段中,主語是people(后面的everywhere是其后置定語),謂語分別是are feeling和are being exposed to,賓語則分別是new wants和new customs and ideas,句首畫線部分是owing to引導(dǎo)的原因狀語,表示謂語發(fā)生的原因,括號里的in...是其前面development的后置定語;第二段是while連接的又一分句,和分句一形成對比關(guān)系,漢語意思是“而”,畫線的for the reasons是原因狀語,表示謂語動作的原因,其后面的given above是后置定語,修飾reasons。
【詞匯精記】 owing to 因為,由于;remarkable 顯著的,非同尋常的;mass-communications 大眾通訊;new wants 新的需求;be exposed to 接觸到,暴露在;custom 風(fēng)俗;introduce 引進,采取,施行;innovation 革新,革新措施;for the reasons given above 由于上述原因。
12. They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news.
【翻譯演練】 ______________________________
【參考譯文】 他們快到河岸的時候,突然一個負(fù)責(zé)警戒的人發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們,并跑著去報告消息。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news .本句中,when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句比較特殊,根據(jù)前后主從句的邏輯,應(yīng)將其理解為“突然”之意;在從句中,spotted和raced off是a watchman的并列謂語,句末畫線部分是從句的目的狀語。
【詞匯精記】 when有時可理解為“突然”;watchman 負(fù)責(zé)警戒的人;spot 認(rèn)出,發(fā)現(xiàn);race off 跑開;to spread the news 散布消息。
13. Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________
【參考譯文】 經(jīng)濟因素是野營的一個主要推動力量,因為在首次花錢購買或租賃了裝備后,總費用要比住酒店的費用少得多。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Economy is one powerful motive (for camping),// since (after the initial outlay upon equipment), or (through hiring it), the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels .第一段是句子的主干:主語是Economy,謂語是系動詞is,表語是one powerful motive,其后括號里的部分是其后置定語;第二段是since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,其主干是畫線的部分:主語是the total expense,謂語是can be,表語是far less,句末斜體部分是從句的比較狀語;但最值得關(guān)注的是前面兩個括號的內(nèi)容:連接詞or連接了兩個并列的介詞短語after...和through...(分別是從句的時間狀語和方式狀語),它們在形式上分隔了連接詞since和其連接的主干部分(畫線部分)。
【詞匯精記】 economy 經(jīng)濟,省錢;powerful 強有力的;motive 動機;initial 首次的;outlay (upon) 花錢購買;hire 雇傭;expense 費用,花費。
14. As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched carelessly as the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 在船駛向河對岸的時候,Parker只能無助地看著被迫留下的人慘遭追捕者的包圍。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 As the boat slid across the river , Parker watched carelessly as the pursuers closed in around the men (he was forced to leave behind).此句的主干是Parker watched carelessly,第一個as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句(意為“在……的時候”),第二個as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,共同修飾謂語動詞watched;句末括號中的部分是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句,修飾先行詞the men。
【詞匯精記】 across 跨過;slide 滑行;careless 粗心的,漫不經(jīng)心的,出于自然的,無助的;pursuer 追捕者,追獵者;close in around 包圍;leave behind 丟下。
15. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 那些有關(guān)人類生命的主要復(fù)雜事實將始終無法理解,除非我們對它的規(guī)律和多樣性有足夠的認(rèn)識。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties , the main complicating facts of human life must remain un intelligible.此句話的主干是not...until結(jié)構(gòu),出于強調(diào)的目的采用了成分前置的形式(時間狀語前置),正常的語序形式是:The main complicating facts of human life must remain un intelligible until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties ;畫線的介詞短語as to...(關(guān)于……)是范圍狀語,修飾系動詞。
【詞匯精記】 intelligent 聰明的,此處引申為“理解,明白”;law 規(guī)律,法則;variety 多樣化;complicating 復(fù)雜的;unintelligible 不可理解的。
16. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.
【翻譯演練】 ___________________
【參考譯文】 那種思想觀念暗示所有的兒童都有受教育的機會,即,在學(xué)習(xí)中每個兒童都有權(quán)利得到幫助來充分發(fā)揮他或她的能力,無論其能力大小如何。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 That concept implies educational opportunity (for all children)//—the right (of each child) (to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great ).此句的主干是第一段,for all children是前面opportunity的后置定語;第二段中的the right是opportunity的同位語,其后面兩個括號中的表達是它的后置定語,不定式to receive...后端的畫線成分是whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,加強語氣; 此處的whether從句中,謂語動詞是be,也就是說采用了虛擬語氣的形式,相對于陳述語氣來講,這是一種語氣更強烈的表達。
【詞匯精記】 concept 概念;imply 暗示;educational opportunity 教育的機會;receive help in 在……方面獲得幫助;capacity 能力;to the limits of his or her capacity 達到能力的極限。
17. Except when blindfold, she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.
【翻譯演練】 ______________________________
【參考譯文】 如果不蒙上雙眼,她的皮膚就不再具有識別物體的能力。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,從句中省略了主語和be動詞,補全后應(yīng)是:Except when ( she was ) blindfold, she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin;一般而言,英語從句的主語若和主句的主語相同,且從句中有be動詞,則從句的主語和be動詞可同時省略;主句的主語是she,謂語是lacked,賓語是the ability,不定式to...with her skin是ability的定語,with her skin是perceive的方式狀語。
【詞匯精記】 blindfold(眼睛被)蒙住的;lack 缺乏;perceive 感知。
18. A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 一段漫長而又不費吹灰之力的成功史可能成為一種可怕的不利因素,但如果處理得當(dāng),它也會轉(zhuǎn)化成一股推動力。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,條件狀語從句中省略了主語和be動詞,補全后應(yīng)是:A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if ( it is ) properly handled, it may become a driving force;一般而言,英語從句的主語若和主句的主語相同,且從句中有be動詞,則從句的主語和be動詞可同時省略;主句由but連接的兩個簡單句組成,第一個簡單句的主語是A history,介詞短語of long and effortless success是其定語,謂語是can be,表語是a dreadful handicap;第二個簡單句的主語是it,指代前面的A history of long and effortless success,謂語是may become,表語是a driving force;條件狀語從句的主語it也指代前面的A history of long and effortless success。
【詞匯精記】 effortless 不費吹灰之力的;dreadful 可怕的;handicap 障礙,殘疾;handle 處理;driving force 推動力。
19. Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough.
【翻譯演練】 ______________________________
【參考譯文】 我們通常所看到的大多數(shù)動物,如果讓它們活得足夠長久,它們也會像我們一樣衰老。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,條件狀語從句中省略了主語和be動詞,補全后應(yīng)是:Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if ( they are ) given the chance to live long enough;一般而言,英語從句的主語若和主句的主語相同,且從句中有be動詞,則從句的主語和be動詞可同時省略;主句的主語是Most animals,之后的we commonly observe是其定語從句,謂語是do age,其中do是助動詞,表示強調(diào),age是動詞,as we do是比較狀語從句,do指代前面的age;從句的主語they指代主句的Most animals,不定式to live long enough是chance的定語,enough修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置。
【詞匯精記】 age 衰老;in fact 實際上。
20. The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 大多數(shù)工作令人滿意之處在于:它們都可以消磨時間,都可以或多或少為實現(xiàn)愿望提供機會。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The satisfaction (of killing time) and (of affording some outlet, however modest , for ambition), belongs to most work.此句的主語是The satisfaction,謂語是belongs to,賓語是most work;兩個括號中的介詞短語of killing...和of affording...是并列關(guān)系,共同作主語The satisfaction的后置定語;第二個括號中的內(nèi)容是難點:however modest是讓步狀語從句的省略,此處是插入形式,修飾前面的affording some outlet,以加強語氣;此讓步狀語從句中省略了主語it(指代outlet)和be動詞,補全后應(yīng)是:however modest ( it is ),它分隔了前面名詞outlet和其后置定語for ambition。
【詞匯精記】 satisfaction 滿意;kill time 消磨時間;afford 提供;outlet(感情、精力等的)發(fā)泄途徑;modest 適度的;ambition 雄心,此處可引申為“愿望”。
21. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 法官無論多么聰明,多么有名,畢竟是人,也會犯錯。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,讓步狀語從句省略了主語they和謂語are,補全后應(yīng)是:Judges, however (they are) wise or eminent , are human and can make mistakes;一般而言,英語從句的主語若和主句的主語相同,且從句中有be動詞,則從句的主語和be動詞可同時省略。主句的主語是Judges,謂語是are和can make,human和mistakes分別是表語和賓語。
【詞匯精記】 eminent 著名的;human 人類的,人性的。
22. Once found, such knowledge has far more lasting meaning than mere information.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 一旦找到,這種知識的意義就比純粹的信息持久得多。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,時間狀語從句中省略了主語和be動詞,補全后應(yīng)是: Once (it is) found ...;一般而言,英語從句的主語若和主句的主語相同,且從句中有be動詞,則從句的主語和be動詞可同時省略。主句的主語是such knowledge,謂語是has,賓語是meaning,far more lasting是其定語;從句的主語it指代主句的such knowledge。
【詞匯精記】 lasting 持久的;mere 僅僅的。
23. Americans have policies to cover every possible risk, no matter how remote.
【翻譯演練】 _________________________
【參考譯文】 美國人買的保險單涉及所有可能發(fā)生的危險,無論發(fā)生的可能性是多么小。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,讓步狀語從句中省略了主語和be動詞,補全后應(yīng)是:Americans have policies (to cover every possible risk), no matter how remote (it is );主句的主語是Americans,謂語是have,賓語是policies,不定式to cover...risk是其后置定語;讓步狀語從句的主語it指代前面的possible risk。
【詞匯精記】 policy 保險單;risk 風(fēng)險,危險;remote 遙遠(yuǎn)的。
24. Parents often feel inadequate when confronted on the one hand with the eager, sensitive mind of a child and on the other with a world of complex physical nature.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________________
【參考譯文】 父母一方面面對著孩子熱切敏銳的頭腦,另一方面面對著一個物理性質(zhì)復(fù)雜的世界,所以常常感到力不從心。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,時間狀語從句中出現(xiàn)省略現(xiàn)象,補全后應(yīng)是:Parents often feel inadequate//when ( they are ) confronted on the one hand with the eager, sensitive mind of a child and on the other with a world of complex physical nature;一般而言,英語從句的主語若和主句的主語相同,且從句中有be動詞,則從句的主語和be動詞可同時省略;第一段主句的主語是Parents,謂語是feel,表語是inadequate;第二段狀語從句中,主語they指代主句的Parents,謂語是are confronted (on the one hand) with and (on the other hand) with,賓語則分別是名詞短語the eager,sensitive mind of a child和a world of complex physical nature。
【詞匯精記】 inadequate 不充分的,力不從心的;be confronted with... 面對……;on the one hand...on the other hand 一方面……另一方面;sensitive 敏感的,敏銳的;complex 復(fù)雜的;physical 物理的,客觀的;nature 特點。
25. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 但是與美國動蕩的昔日歲月相比,今天的各項社會指標(biāo)幾乎無法表明社會環(huán)境的黑暗或日益惡化。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 But particularly when viewed agains America's turbulent past ,//today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.這是一個主從復(fù)合句,第一段是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;第二段是主句,主句的主語是today's social indices,謂語是hardly suggest,賓語是a...environment;時間狀語從句中省略了主語和be動詞,補全后應(yīng)是:But particularly when ( they are ) viewed against America's turbulent past...,此處的they指代后面的主句主語(today's social indices);一般而言,英語從句的主語若和主句的主語相同,且從句中有be動詞,則從句的主語和be動詞可同時省略。
【詞匯精記】 turbulent 動蕩的;indices(index的復(fù)數(shù))指標(biāo),指數(shù);deteriorating 逐漸惡化的;dark 黑暗的。
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