碩士研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試中的應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作一般也遵循了三段式的寫(xiě)法:第一段表明作者寫(xiě)信的緣由;第二段詳細(xì)介紹具體情況;第三段根據(jù)不同種類(lèi)的信件運(yùn)用不同的結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)。和短文寫(xiě)作比較起來(lái),它對(duì)于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯多樣性的要求相對(duì)較低,因?yàn)閼?yīng)用文寫(xiě)作更注重信息點(diǎn)的覆蓋和內(nèi)容的組織、語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性、格式和語(yǔ)域的恰當(dāng)。簡(jiǎn)而言之,應(yīng)用文最重要的是把“事情”說(shuō)明白,而不是要把文章寫(xiě)得多么優(yōu)美。新贈(zèng)作文要求寫(xiě)100字左右應(yīng)用性短文,應(yīng)用性短文通常包括各種信函、簡(jiǎn)歷、便條、備忘錄等,筆者認(rèn)為考生準(zhǔn)備重點(diǎn)應(yīng)在各種信函。信函主要有:求職信、投訴信、邀請(qǐng)信、訂購(gòu)信、詢(xún)問(wèn)信、感謝信、道歉信、推薦信等八種,而在這八種信函中前五種是重點(diǎn)的重點(diǎn)?!∮捎谶@是一篇小作文所以要求100字左右,難度相對(duì)于六級(jí)還低??忌灰煜ひ恍┏S?#39;經(jīng)典'句型,便可在短時(shí)間一揮而就。比如求職信開(kāi)篇的一個(gè)'黃金'句型:I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on January 10th, 2003, which invites applications for interpreters. Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background. 又如此類(lèi)信件結(jié)束的一個(gè)'鉆石'句型:I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview, and I appreciate a response from at your earliest convenience.考生再少加發(fā)揮,在二段設(shè)置幾個(gè)'亮點(diǎn)',一篇高分文章就由此'誕生'了。雖然短信好寫(xiě),還是建議考生參考一些寫(xiě)作書(shū)中關(guān)于應(yīng)用文的介紹,了解模式,熟悉套話(huà)。畢竟也是書(shū)面語(yǔ)語(yǔ)體,要注意語(yǔ)言正式、詞匯多變,如前面提到了reference books, 后面不妨修改成reference (reading) materials。還要保留一些客氣禮貌的用語(yǔ),如I do appreciate your kind consideration to my request或I am grateful to your kind assistance.另外,千萬(wàn)不要把前面的提示語(yǔ)(情景說(shuō)明)照搬到自己的作文中用來(lái)湊字?jǐn)?shù),要利用同義詞、同義表達(dá)加以改造,否則會(huì)有抄襲之嫌。下面歸納五大信函寫(xiě)作策略:
1. 求職信
開(kāi)頭段:表明信息來(lái)源,說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作意圖。
主體段:介紹自己相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)歷、學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷,以此證明你能勝任這個(gè)職位。
2. 投訴信
開(kāi)頭段: 說(shuō)明與收信人的相關(guān)性,點(diǎn)明你寫(xiě)作的意圖。
主體段: 寫(xiě)明投訴的原因,要展開(kāi)說(shuō)明,或者講具體理由,或者談問(wèn)題的具體體現(xiàn)方式。
結(jié)束段:表達(dá)你希望上述問(wèn)題得到盡快解決的強(qiáng)烈愿望,并對(duì)有關(guān)人員做出的努力表示感謝。
3. 邀請(qǐng)信
開(kāi)頭段:表明寫(xiě)作意圖,向某人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。
主體段:說(shuō)明邀請(qǐng)的具體原因,邀請(qǐng)的內(nèi)容。
結(jié)束段:表明強(qiáng)烈的期盼,并希望盡快得到答復(fù)。
4. 訂購(gòu)信
開(kāi)頭段: 開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)出寫(xiě)信的目的,定購(gòu)你要的東西。
主體段: 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明你訂購(gòu)貨物的規(guī)格、大小、顏色、尺寸等。
結(jié)束段:表示對(duì)方回函以便確認(rèn)。
5. 詢(xún)問(wèn)信
開(kāi)頭段: 明確寫(xiě)信的目的,說(shuō)明寫(xiě)這封信的目的是尋求某信息或幫助。
主體段:詢(xún)問(wèn)具體問(wèn)題,強(qiáng)調(diào)所需信息的重要性。
結(jié)束段:表達(dá)獲取信息的強(qiáng)烈愿望,提供聯(lián)系方式以便收信人與你聯(lián)系,并對(duì)有關(guān)人員表示感謝。
總體來(lái)說(shuō)新增小作文有規(guī)律可循,只要多加練習(xí)就能自如應(yīng)付。
(二)大綱樣題詳解
Directions:
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1) detailed information about the books you want,
2) methods of payment,
3) time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
范文
Dear Sir/Madam
I am writing to express my interest in purchasing several titles from your bookstore. The books that I would like to buy are A Students' Guide to Correct English Usage by Edwin James, and A College Dictionary for Advanced English by John Black. Could you let me know how much these books will cost? Which methods of payment does your store accept? Can you deliver them by express mail? How long will it take the books to reach me? If possible, I would like to pay by check and have the books sent directly to my dorm. Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
(Word Count: 113 words)
這篇文章共113個(gè)詞,符合字?jǐn)?shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。下面依據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的五個(gè)方面,分析得分的關(guān)鍵。
●是否包含所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)?題目要求信中必須提到三點(diǎn):1)要買(mǎi)的書(shū)的詳細(xì)信息。信息包含兩個(gè)方面:提供給書(shū)店的信息和從書(shū)店索取的信息。范文的第二句話(huà)列出了兩本書(shū)的題目和作者,給書(shū)店提供了明確充分的信息。第三句話(huà)向書(shū)店詢(xún)價(jià),以便決定是否購(gòu)買(mǎi)。這里,書(shū)名的寫(xiě)法也是考點(diǎn)之一。在印刷品中,書(shū)名用斜體,而在手寫(xiě)稿中,為了便于區(qū)分,書(shū)名用下劃線(xiàn)突出。2)付款方式。范文第四句話(huà)分別詢(xún)問(wèn)書(shū)的價(jià)格和付款方式。methods of payment這幾個(gè)詞在題目中出現(xiàn)過(guò),這樣寫(xiě)是允許的,但不能使用提示語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞組或句子,否則會(huì)被扣分。3)配送所需時(shí)間和方式。這兩點(diǎn)在范文的第五、六句話(huà)中都已提及??梢?jiàn),范文包含了所有的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。
●是否使用豐富的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯?即考查句型和詞匯的靈活使用,強(qiáng)調(diào)變化,切忌單調(diào)、重復(fù)。先看句型,粗粗一看,沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)。雖然連續(xù)提出的四個(gè)問(wèn)題中,第一和第三個(gè)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)差不多,分別是Could you...,Can you...,但用了不同的詞,避免單調(diào)。這封信里出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的詞是book,作者很用心,在第一句中就用了大多數(shù)同學(xué)不會(huì)想到的一個(gè)詞:title,它除了“題目,標(biāo)題”的常用意思之外,還可以表示“(書(shū)刊等的)一種,一本”。第一句話(huà)的用詞就與眾不同,會(huì)給考官一個(gè)很好的第一印象。另一個(gè)使用頻率高的詞是buy,文章同樣采用了先聲奪人的做法,第一句用了purchase這個(gè)稍有難度的詞。在提到配送方式時(shí),用了deliver和send兩個(gè)詞,避免重復(fù)。在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的豐富性方面,文章做得也不錯(cuò)。
●語(yǔ)言是否自然流暢,是否有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤?總體而言,范文讀起來(lái)很流暢,幾乎沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,唯一的錯(cuò)誤就是在稱(chēng)呼后面缺少逗號(hào)。
●是否采用了多種銜接手法,文字是否連貫,層次是否清晰?由于內(nèi)容的關(guān)系,這封信沒(méi)有使用諸如and,but,however之類(lèi)的連接詞,但讀起來(lái)仍然很連貫,因?yàn)橛昧肆硪环N銜接手法,用“書(shū)”串起全文。第一句:purchasing several titles,第二句:the books that I would like to buy,第三句:these books第一次提過(guò)之后,就用不同的定冠詞來(lái)特指這些書(shū)。層次也很清晰,首先說(shuō)明寫(xiě)信的意圖,然后按照提示語(yǔ)的順序?qū)訉诱归_(kāi)。
●格式和語(yǔ)域是否恰當(dāng)貼切?應(yīng)用文的格式是考查的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。書(shū)信的格式包括以下幾個(gè)要素:1)稱(chēng)呼。因?yàn)檫@封信是給書(shū)店銷(xiāo)售部的,并不知道收信人是男士還是女士,所以寫(xiě)Dear Sir/Madam,后面應(yīng)該有“,”。2)正文。寫(xiě)作有兩種基本格式:縮進(jìn)式和齊頭式??s進(jìn)式每段開(kāi)頭空四個(gè)字母,段與段之間不空行;齊頭式每段開(kāi)頭頂格,段與段之間空一行。在考試中,建議考生使用齊頭式,目前多數(shù)商務(wù)書(shū)信或正式的書(shū)信都采用這種格式。這封信就是用齊頭式。3)落款。Yours sincerely是最常用的落款,適用各種關(guān)系的人之間。語(yǔ)域是指在書(shū)面和口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中根據(jù)不同的交際對(duì)象所采用的話(huà)語(yǔ)方式,即正式、一般及非正式體。對(duì)于書(shū)信而言,要根據(jù)收信人身份判斷所采用的話(huà)語(yǔ)方式。如果是寒暑假時(shí)同學(xué)間的書(shū)信,就要用非正式體。這封信應(yīng)該用正式體,范文中的稱(chēng)呼和落款都體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。另外,范文所用的一些句型也采用了正式體,例如:I am writing to express my interest in ...,Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide. 需要提醒考生注意的是落款的姓名應(yīng)與稱(chēng)呼相對(duì)應(yīng),寫(xiě)給一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的信,落款應(yīng)當(dāng)是全名,如果是寫(xiě)給關(guān)系密切的人,只寫(xiě)名字就可以,但一般會(huì)在前面加上祝福語(yǔ),常用的有:Best regards,Best wishes,或With lots of love,寫(xiě)給機(jī)構(gòu)和關(guān)系不密切的人不必用祝福語(yǔ)。
(三)2005-2006年考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作PART A真題及范文
2006年全真試題
Directions:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
【參考范文】
To Whom It May Concern,
I would like to make a financial contribution to Project Hope, and help those who are eager to receive formal education. And would you please help me to find a candidate who has recently withdrawn from school due to poverty and is in great need of aid? It will be better if the child is a girl at the age between 10 and 12 living in a remote area. I’d like to donate some money and try my best to see her through her studies.
First, I would like to donate 600Yuan which will cover the tuition fee. Second, during summer vacation each year, I will invite her to Beijing, so that she couldl broaden her horizon
I really appreciate your help, and look forward to your reply as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
2005年全真試題
51. Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
【參考范文】
A Letter to Quit
[JY,5]Jun 22, 2005
Dear Mr. Wang,
First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.
I decided to quit for some reasons as follows. To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more, I am preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
【范文譯文】
尊敬的王先生:
首先,請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我對(duì)我的辭職向您表示深深的歉意。我確實(shí)知道這會(huì)給您帶來(lái)許多麻煩,因此我將在此作出解釋。
我決定辭職的原因如下:首先,作為《設(shè)計(jì)與時(shí)尚》雜志的編輯這份工作不適合我。其次,我想要繼續(xù)我的學(xué)業(yè)并正在為下一個(gè)學(xué)位做準(zhǔn)備。最后,我再次對(duì)我的辭職向您表示歉意。
等待您的盡早答復(fù)。
你誠(chéng)摯的
李明
【范文2】
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved.
First of all, the salary has proved to be much lower than you originally promised. It’s very difficult for me to support a large family. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself as in the past two months. I was never given any really important responsibility.
Please consider of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused to you.
faithfully Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
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