Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.
So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?
"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖癥)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers.
"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."
The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:
Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配)based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.
Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?
Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.
注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
【總評】這是一篇討論控制垃圾食品消費的議論文。文章介紹了Rand公司兩位研究人員的建議：即借鑒控酒措施的經(jīng)驗，對售賣此類食品的地點和方式進行控制。文中具體介紹了這么做的原因以及一些具體條例。
57. What does the author say about junk food?
A) People should be educated not to eat too much.
B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.
C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.
答案：C . Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
【解析】推理題。由關鍵詞Junk food定位至文章第一段。由“Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing and yet we do it anyway.(垃圾食品無處不在，這樣的食品我們吃得實在是太多了，我們大多數(shù)人都知道我們在做什么，但是我們還是在這么做)”可知，垃圾食品對人們的誘惑實在是太強了，以至于人們無法抵擋。選項B中的“ill reputation”在文中沒有提到，所以，正確答案為C。
58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?
A) They should be implemented effectively.
B) They provide misleading information.
C) They are based on wrong assumptions.
D) They help people make rational choices.
答案：C. They are based on wrong assumptions.
【解析】推理題。由關鍵詞policy measures, obesity定位至文章第三段。文中提到“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖癥)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat (很多控制肥胖癥的政策都是假定人們能夠有意識、理智地選擇吃什么、吃多少)”，而第四段中進一步提到“In contrast… many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol(那些沒有假定人們會作出理智選擇的規(guī)章條例在控酒方面取得了成功)”。由此可以推知，很多控制肥胖癥的政策措施都是基于錯誤的假設前提的，所以，正確答案為C。
59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?
A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.
B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.
C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.
D) Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.
答案：D. Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.
【解析】推理題。由關鍵詞density restrictions，obesity定位至文章倒數(shù)第三段。由“These(即density restrictions) make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.”可知，因為購買的途徑很簡單的話會導致消費者過度消費。所以要頒布這樣一項限制措施，就是為了減少人們購買酒類飲品的數(shù)量。所以，正確答案為D。
60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?
A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.
B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.
C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.
D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.
答案：D. To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.
【解析】推理題。由關鍵詞California定位至文章最后一段。Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.關鍵詞display，由此可知主要強調要把垃圾食品淡出人們的視線。所以，正確答案為D。
61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?
A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.
B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.
C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.
D. Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means
答案：C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.
【解析】細節(jié)題。由關鍵詞Rand researchers定位到第二段。文中提到“So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed? take a lesson即borrow ideas，由此可知，Rand公司的研究人員建議借鑒控酒措施的經(jīng)驗，所以，正確答案為C。
