英語聽力文摘 熱是一種運(yùn)動？
熱傳遞，是熱從溫度高的物體傳到溫度低的物體，或者從物體的高溫部分傳到低溫部分的過程。熱傳遞是自然界普遍存在的一種自然現(xiàn)象。只要物體之間或同一物體的不同部分之間存在溫度差，就會有熱傳遞現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，并且將一直繼續(xù)到溫度相同的時候?yàn)橹?。發(fā)生熱傳遞的唯一條件是存在溫度差，與物體的狀態(tài)，物體間是否接觸都無關(guān)。熱傳遞的結(jié)果是溫差消失，即發(fā)生熱傳遞的物體間或物體的不同部分達(dá)到相同的溫度。
At one time it was believed that heat was a liquid. Sure, that sounds kind of crazy, but if you think for a second, you might see why.
Suppose you have an object that’s very hot — say a metal spoon that’s been sitting in hot coffee. Pick it up and you can feel the heat spreading to your hand. The longer you hold on, the more heat seems to enter your hand. Ouch!
Well, maybe heat is an invisible liquid that pours from the spoon into your hand. After all, that theory fits all the evidence, doesn’t it?
But there’s a problem. Another simple experiment you can do shows heat can’t be a liquid. Take two nails and scrape them together vigorously. Now touch the place you were scraping. It’s hot! Let them cool and try it again. It’s hot again! You could do this all day and the nails would never stop growing hot. If heat were a liquid, there would have to be an infinite amount of it even in a tiny nail.
What’s the better answer? Heat is a measure of kinetic energy(動能). Kinetic energy means the amount of motion the molecules in the nail have, or how much they jostle against each other.
The hot spoon heats your hand not because something invisible is being poured in, but because the fast-jostling molecules of the spoon hit the molecules in your hand and start them jostling too.
In the case of the nails, all that’s needed to produce more heat is to start jostling those molecules again after they’ve calmed down. You won’t ever run out of heat.
Notes:
run out of 用完
All the students run out of the classrooms as soon as the bell rings.
鈴聲一響，學(xué)生們都從教室里跑出來。
