英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力文摘 魚(yú)喝水嗎

Fish live in water, but do they drink it?

魚(yú)兒生活在水里，那么它們喝水嗎?

The answer is yes, but how fish drink water depends on where they live.

答案是肯定的，但是魚(yú)兒怎么喝水取決于它們生活在哪。

Water gets into a fish's body through osmosis, the process in which water diffuses from a higher to a lower concentration.

水通過(guò)滲透作用進(jìn)入魚(yú)的身體，也就是水從高處向低處的流動(dòng)的過(guò)程。

For example, if there is more water outside of a cell than inside, water will try to flow into the cell until there is the same concentration of water on either side of the cell's membrane.

比如，如果某個(gè)細(xì)胞外面的水比細(xì)胞內(nèi)的水多，水就會(huì)從外面流入細(xì)胞中，直至細(xì)胞內(nèi)外的水達(dá)到同一濃度為止。

The body of a fish acts the same way, either absorbing or losing water depending on its surroundings.

魚(yú)體內(nèi)的水也以相同的方式運(yùn)動(dòng)，水分的吸收或者散發(fā)取決于周圍的環(huán)境。

Whether a fish absorbs or loses water is based on the fact that all fish must maintain a certain amount of salt in their bodies to stay healthy.

魚(yú)是否吸收、釋放水分取決于其必須確保機(jī)體內(nèi)的鹽分含量。

Fish that live in fresh water have a higher concentration of salt in their bodies than the surrounding water. Consequently, water continuously flows into the fish's body to attempt to dilute the amount of salt in the fish until it is equal to the amount of salt in the surrounding water.

淡水魚(yú)體內(nèi)的鹽分含量要比它生活的淡水的鹽分含量高，所以水會(huì)自然的進(jìn)入魚(yú)的體內(nèi)以稀釋其體內(nèi)的鹽的含量，直到魚(yú)體內(nèi)鹽的含量與它生活的水域的鹽含量相當(dāng)。

Since fish cannot allow their salt content to be diminished, their kidneys work overtime to expel excess water in the form of urine.

因?yàn)轸~(yú)類不能讓體內(nèi)的鹽份流失，它們的腎臟會(huì)不停地工作以排尿的方式排除體內(nèi)多余水份。

Ocean fish have the opposite problem. Surrounded by salt water, their bodies contain a relatively lower concentration of salt than the ocean water.

海水魚(yú)的問(wèn)題正相反。因?yàn)楸畸}水包圍，所以它們體內(nèi)鹽的含量相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比周圍的海水低。

In this case osmosis causes the fish to constantly lose water in order to equalize salt concentration inside and outside the fish.

這樣，滲透作用就使魚(yú)經(jīng)常釋放水分以保證身體內(nèi)外鹽的濃度相等。

To partially compensate for the water loss, ocean fish actually drink water through their mouths. And to get rid of the excess salt they take in by drinking seawater, they excrete some salt through cells in their gills.

為了補(bǔ)償這種水分的散發(fā)，海水魚(yú)就常常需要通過(guò)吐泡泡來(lái)攝入水并排出它們所喝的水中多余的鹽分，它們通過(guò)鰓里面的一些細(xì)胞來(lái)排出鹽分。