聊一聊關(guān)于金字塔的知識，金字塔究竟是怎么建起來的

今天的這段對話，在討論金字塔，

聊一聊關(guān)于金字塔的知識，金字塔究竟是怎么建起來的

來聽今天的講解:

A: Could you tell me about these pictures?

你能給我講解一下這些照片嗎？

B: The pyramids were built at around 3000-2500 BC and are one of the most impressive monuments of the ancient world.  They were built as tombs for the Pharaohs, the rulers of Egypt. The first Pharaohs built simpler tombs, called mastabas. These mastabas were square buildings with a room inside for the coffin and the mummy and some things to take with you to the afterlife.

金字塔建于公元前3000年至公元前2500年左右，是遠(yuǎn)古世界最宏偉的歷史建筑之一。它們是為埃及的統(tǒng)治者法老們修建的陵墓。最初法老們的陵墓‘比較簡單，叫瑪斯塔巴陵墓。這些陵墓是方形的建筑，里面有一個房間用來放棺材、木乃伊和一些來世所需要的隨身物品。

A: Like this over here in the picture?

就像照片中的這一個嗎？

B: Yes. Then they began to build mounds of earth on top of their mastabas, to make them grander.  Ordinary princes and other aristocrats went on being buried in mastabas. The Step Pyramid is one of the first of these new fancy tombs.

是的。陵墓建成之后，他們開始往墓頂上堆很多土，以便使這些墓看起來更壯觀些。普通的王子和其他貴族就一直埋在這樣的陵墓中。第一批奇特的新陵墓之一就是階梯式金字塔。

A: But, the pyramids we know all have filled in steps.

可是我們知道的金字塔都建有臺階。

B: Yes, a short time after these were built, the Egyptians decided to fill in the steps, and then made them more pointed on top.

是的，這些金字塔建起來不久，埃及人就決定加上階梯，然后使它們的頂部看起來更尖。

A: The ones in Giza arc this style, right? I think they are the most well-known, everyone in the world must have seen a picture of them

吉薩的那些金字塔就都是這種風(fēng)格，對吧？我想這些金字塔是最有名的，全球的人都一定見過它們的照片。

B: Yes, the ones in Giza were built following this design. Khufu's Great Pyramid was the tallest building on earth for almost 6vc thousand years, until the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.

沒錯，吉薩的金字塔是按照這種風(fēng)格建造的。在1889年埃菲爾鐵塔建成之前的5000年里，胡大大金字塔足地球上最高的建筑物。

A: That's amazing! How did they build them exactly? I've heard many stories about using slaves and even aliens helping them!

真是了不起！他們究竟是怎么建起來的？我聽說過很多關(guān)于使用奴隸甚至是靠外星人幫助建成的傳說！

B: Yes, I've heard the ones about the aliens too! A pyramid is not hard to build, if you have plenty of cheap workers available. First they built a small mastaba-style tomb on the ground, in the ordinary way. Then one theory is that they heaped up tons and tons of dirt over the tomb, leaving a tunnel Co the outside. Then they began placing huge stones all over the outside of the pyramid. To raise the stones to the top of the pyramid, they built long ramps of dirt and then rolled the stones up them. They kept making the ramps higher and longer. When it was done, they took the earth ramps away again.

是的，我也聽說過外星人的說法！如果有大量廉價的勞動力，建一座金字塔并不難。首先，他們先在地上建一個水方形墓，很普通的樣子。然后，有一種說法是，他們接著在墳?zāi)股隙焉虾芏嗪芏嗟耐?，留出一個通向外面的通道。再接下來他們開始在整個金字塔的周圍放上大石頭。為了把石頭抬到金字塔的頂部，他們修建了長長的土坡，然后沿著坡把石頭往上滾。他們不斷把土坡加高、加長。等一切完成之后，他們再把土坡清理掉。

A: Still, it is unbelievable how they built such massive itructurei without machinery.

在沒有機(jī)器的情況下他們建起這么龐大的建筑物，還是很令人難以置信。