聊一聊卡文迪什實驗室的起源，卡文迪什實驗室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣
今天的這段對話，在討論卡文迪什實驗室，
聊一聊卡文迪什實驗室的起源，卡文迪什實驗室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣
來聽今天的講解:
A: It's October now，and Nobel Prize Winners are usually announced in this month. I wonder who will be the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics.
現(xiàn)在是十月，諾貝爾獎獲得者通常會在這個月公布。我在想今年的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎會頒結(jié)誰呢？
B: Well, maybe the winners will be scientists who work in Cavendish Laboratory. There are 29 Nobel Prize winners in the history of Cavendish after all.
可能得獎?wù)邥窃诳ㄎ牡鲜矊嶒炇夜ぷ鞯目茖W(xué)家吧。畢竟在卡文迪什實驗窒的歷史上，總共有29位科學(xué)家獲得諾貝爾獎。
A: Twenty-nine winners! That’s the brilliant achievement.
29位獲獎?wù)撸@個成就寘是輝煌?。?br />
B: The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics of the University of Cambridge. The Department is itself part of the School of Physical Sciences.
卡文迪什實驗室是劍橋大學(xué)的物理系。而這個物理系本身就是（劍橋大學(xué)）物理科學(xué)學(xué)院的 一部分。
A: It was built in 1873 as a teaching laboratory. It was initially on Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge. After perennial space problems, it moved West Cambridge, in the early 1970s.
這個實驗室始建于1873年，當時是作為教學(xué)實驗室使用的。它最初位于劍橋大學(xué)中心一個 叫"自由學(xué)派巷"的小巷子。被持續(xù)多年的空間問題困擾著，后來卡文迪什實驗室于20世紀 70年代早期搬到了劍橋西區(qū)。
B: The need for the practical training of scientists and engineers was emphasized by the success of the Great Exhibition of 1851 and the requirements of an industrial society.
1851年倫敦萬國博覽會的成功舉辦，凸顯了通過實踐培養(yǎng)人才的重要性。而工業(yè)社會要發(fā)展也需要通過實踐培養(yǎng)更多的科學(xué)家和工程師。
A: William Cavendish, the Seventh Duke of Devonshire, provided ￡6,300 to meet the costs of building a physics laboratory, on condition that Cambridge provided the funding for a Professorship① of Experimental Physics.
在劍橋大學(xué)保證為實驗物理教授提供一定資助后，德文郡七世公爵威廉卡文迪什出資6300英鎊為劍橋建了一間物理實驗室。
B: Cavendish has been in the center of Physics for a long time. It has an extraordinary history of discovery and innovation in Physics since its opening in 1874, so it is not surprising that there are so many Nobel Prize Winners who come from Cavendish.
很長一段時間以來，卡文迪什實驗室一直是物理學(xué)的中心。自1874年建成以來，它就在物理學(xué)的探索和創(chuàng)新上創(chuàng)造了輝煌的歷史。所以卡文迪什實驗室出現(xiàn)過那么多諾貝爾獎獲得者并不令人感到驚訝。
A: I also heard that Cavendish has a long history and it plays an important role in the development of Cambridge. Oh! I remember that Watson and Crick, the discoverers of the DNA structure also worked in Cavendish.
我也聽說卡文迪什實驗室有很悠久的歷史，它在劍橋大學(xué)的發(fā)展歷程中起到了重要的作用。啊！我想起來了，DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)者沃森和克里克就曾在卡文迪什實驗室工作過。
B: Yes. Crick had already worked in the Cavendish Laboratory when Watson came from the U.S.A. and together they discovered the DNA double helix. The Cavendish、 Laboratory has had important influence on biology, mainly through the application of X-ray crystallography to the study of structures of biological molecules.
是的。當沃森從美國來到卡文迪什實驗室時克里克已經(jīng)在那工作了，他們兩人一起發(fā)現(xiàn)了 DMA的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)。卡文迪什實驗室對生物學(xué)有重要影響，因為它將X射線結(jié)晶學(xué)應(yīng)用到了生物分子結(jié)構(gòu)的研究當中。
A: It seems that Cavendish is influential not only in Physics, but also in many other areas.
看起來卡文迪什實驗室不僅在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，而且在其他很多領(lǐng)域都頗具影響力。
B: Do you know whom the Cavendish Laboratory is named after?
你知道卡文迪什實驗室是以誰的名字命名的嗎？
A: Of course, it is named after William Cavendish，because he gives money to endow the laboratory in memory of his learned relative.
我當然知道，它是以威廉卡文迪什的名字命名的，因為威廉卡文迪什捐了一大筆錢綰這個實驗室，以紀念他博學(xué)的親戚。
B: His learned relative? Who he is?
他博學(xué)的親戚？是誰？
A: He is Henry Cavendish, a famous physicist. He is famous for the discovery of hydrogen and Cavendish experiment.
他就是亨利卡文迪什，著名的物理學(xué)家。他以發(fā)現(xiàn)氫和做出卡文迪什實驗而出名。
B: Oh, I have read an article about the Cavendish experiment. This is the first experiment to measure the force of gravity in the laboratory, and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant and the mass of the Earth.
我在一篇文章上看到過卡文迪什實驗。這是首次能在實驗室中測試出重力的實驗。這次實驗也首次得出重力常數(shù)和地球質(zhì)量的精確數(shù)值。
A:What is the current situation of Cavendish?
卡文迪什實驗室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣？
B: Currently there are 65 teaching staff, approximately 150 postdoctoral fellows, and about 250 graduate students. There are 700 people at large, including administrative and technical support staff. Total research grant income was over ￡14m in 2004, and has roughly doubled in the last decade.
現(xiàn)在該實驗室有65名教員，近150名博士后研究生，約250名研究生。包括行政人員和教輔人員在內(nèi)，該實驗室總共有700人。2004年，實驗室總的研究贊助經(jīng)費超過1400萬英鎊，贊助經(jīng)費在上一個10年中增長了一倍左右。
聊一聊卡文迪什實驗室的起源，卡文迪什實驗室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣
來聽今天的講解:
A: It's October now，and Nobel Prize Winners are usually announced in this month. I wonder who will be the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics.
現(xiàn)在是十月，諾貝爾獎獲得者通常會在這個月公布。我在想今年的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎會頒結(jié)誰呢？
B: Well, maybe the winners will be scientists who work in Cavendish Laboratory. There are 29 Nobel Prize winners in the history of Cavendish after all.
可能得獎?wù)邥窃诳ㄎ牡鲜矊嶒炇夜ぷ鞯目茖W(xué)家吧。畢竟在卡文迪什實驗窒的歷史上，總共有29位科學(xué)家獲得諾貝爾獎。
A: Twenty-nine winners! That’s the brilliant achievement.
29位獲獎?wù)撸@個成就寘是輝煌?。?br />
B: The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics of the University of Cambridge. The Department is itself part of the School of Physical Sciences.
卡文迪什實驗室是劍橋大學(xué)的物理系。而這個物理系本身就是（劍橋大學(xué)）物理科學(xué)學(xué)院的 一部分。
A: It was built in 1873 as a teaching laboratory. It was initially on Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge. After perennial space problems, it moved West Cambridge, in the early 1970s.
這個實驗室始建于1873年，當時是作為教學(xué)實驗室使用的。它最初位于劍橋大學(xué)中心一個 叫"自由學(xué)派巷"的小巷子。被持續(xù)多年的空間問題困擾著，后來卡文迪什實驗室于20世紀 70年代早期搬到了劍橋西區(qū)。
B: The need for the practical training of scientists and engineers was emphasized by the success of the Great Exhibition of 1851 and the requirements of an industrial society.
1851年倫敦萬國博覽會的成功舉辦，凸顯了通過實踐培養(yǎng)人才的重要性。而工業(yè)社會要發(fā)展也需要通過實踐培養(yǎng)更多的科學(xué)家和工程師。
A: William Cavendish, the Seventh Duke of Devonshire, provided ￡6,300 to meet the costs of building a physics laboratory, on condition that Cambridge provided the funding for a Professorship① of Experimental Physics.
在劍橋大學(xué)保證為實驗物理教授提供一定資助后，德文郡七世公爵威廉卡文迪什出資6300英鎊為劍橋建了一間物理實驗室。
B: Cavendish has been in the center of Physics for a long time. It has an extraordinary history of discovery and innovation in Physics since its opening in 1874, so it is not surprising that there are so many Nobel Prize Winners who come from Cavendish.
很長一段時間以來，卡文迪什實驗室一直是物理學(xué)的中心。自1874年建成以來，它就在物理學(xué)的探索和創(chuàng)新上創(chuàng)造了輝煌的歷史。所以卡文迪什實驗室出現(xiàn)過那么多諾貝爾獎獲得者并不令人感到驚訝。
A: I also heard that Cavendish has a long history and it plays an important role in the development of Cambridge. Oh! I remember that Watson and Crick, the discoverers of the DNA structure also worked in Cavendish.
我也聽說卡文迪什實驗室有很悠久的歷史，它在劍橋大學(xué)的發(fā)展歷程中起到了重要的作用。啊！我想起來了，DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)者沃森和克里克就曾在卡文迪什實驗室工作過。
B: Yes. Crick had already worked in the Cavendish Laboratory when Watson came from the U.S.A. and together they discovered the DNA double helix. The Cavendish、 Laboratory has had important influence on biology, mainly through the application of X-ray crystallography to the study of structures of biological molecules.
是的。當沃森從美國來到卡文迪什實驗室時克里克已經(jīng)在那工作了，他們兩人一起發(fā)現(xiàn)了 DMA的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)。卡文迪什實驗室對生物學(xué)有重要影響，因為它將X射線結(jié)晶學(xué)應(yīng)用到了生物分子結(jié)構(gòu)的研究當中。
A: It seems that Cavendish is influential not only in Physics, but also in many other areas.
看起來卡文迪什實驗室不僅在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，而且在其他很多領(lǐng)域都頗具影響力。
B: Do you know whom the Cavendish Laboratory is named after?
你知道卡文迪什實驗室是以誰的名字命名的嗎？
A: Of course, it is named after William Cavendish，because he gives money to endow the laboratory in memory of his learned relative.
我當然知道，它是以威廉卡文迪什的名字命名的，因為威廉卡文迪什捐了一大筆錢綰這個實驗室，以紀念他博學(xué)的親戚。
B: His learned relative? Who he is?
他博學(xué)的親戚？是誰？
A: He is Henry Cavendish, a famous physicist. He is famous for the discovery of hydrogen and Cavendish experiment.
他就是亨利卡文迪什，著名的物理學(xué)家。他以發(fā)現(xiàn)氫和做出卡文迪什實驗而出名。
B: Oh, I have read an article about the Cavendish experiment. This is the first experiment to measure the force of gravity in the laboratory, and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant and the mass of the Earth.
我在一篇文章上看到過卡文迪什實驗。這是首次能在實驗室中測試出重力的實驗。這次實驗也首次得出重力常數(shù)和地球質(zhì)量的精確數(shù)值。
A:What is the current situation of Cavendish?
卡文迪什實驗室現(xiàn)在的情況怎么樣？
B: Currently there are 65 teaching staff, approximately 150 postdoctoral fellows, and about 250 graduate students. There are 700 people at large, including administrative and technical support staff. Total research grant income was over ￡14m in 2004, and has roughly doubled in the last decade.
現(xiàn)在該實驗室有65名教員，近150名博士后研究生，約250名研究生。包括行政人員和教輔人員在內(nèi)，該實驗室總共有700人。2004年，實驗室總的研究贊助經(jīng)費超過1400萬英鎊，贊助經(jīng)費在上一個10年中增長了一倍左右。
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