莎士比亞是誰(shuí)？莎士比亞的作品流傳至今所用的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言有多少變化

 
莎士比亞是誰(shuí)？莎士比亞的作品流傳至今所用的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言有多少變化
 
來(lái)聽(tīng)今天的講解:
 
A: Eucharia, you are into drama so I thought we would talk about Shakespeare.
 
尤查里亞，你很喜歡戲劇，所以我想我們可以談?wù)勆勘葋啞?br />  
B: Cool!
 
太好了！
 
A: First of all, who is Shakespeare?
 
首先，莎士比亞是誰(shuí)？
 
B: Well, Shakespeare is one of the most famous playwrights of the world. He was born in 1564 in Stratford on Avon in England which is a really pretty town and he opened the Globe theatre in London I think at some stage but the main thing why Shakespeare is so famous… he had a really short life. Back in those days to make it to 40 was considered old age but in his relatively short life he produced an enormous body of work. He produced historical plays, tragedies, comedies, poetry, sonnets… So he was an extremely prolific writer and I think the reason that he's so famous even today is because the themes he chose for most of his work were universal. They're themes that touch us whether we speak English, whether we speak Spanish or Russian, whether we're in the 21st century or in the 16th century. They're themes that are eternal and they concern humanity, and have concerned humanity for such a long time.
 
莎士比亞是世界上最著名的劇作家之一。他于1564年出生在英國(guó)艾馮河畔的美麗小鎮(zhèn)斯特拉特福，他曾在倫敦建立了環(huán)球劇院，但是莎士比亞如此著名的最主要原因是……他的生命非常短暫。在當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)年代，活到40歲就已經(jīng)算長(zhǎng)壽了，但是在他相對(duì)較短的生命中，他創(chuàng)作了大量的作品。他創(chuàng)作了歷史劇、悲劇、喜劇、詩(shī)歌、十四行詩(shī)等等……所以他是個(gè)多產(chǎn)的作家，我認(rèn)為時(shí)至今日他依然這么出名的原因是，他大部分作品中的主題都具有普遍性。無(wú)論我們的母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)、西班牙還是俄語(yǔ)，無(wú)論我們生活在21世紀(jì)還是16世紀(jì)，這些主題都會(huì)打動(dòng)我們。無(wú)論過(guò)去多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這些主題都是永恒的，而且充滿了人文關(guān)懷。
 
A: How much of the English has changed since the original Shakespeare to the Shakespeare we have today, I mean the English we have today?
 
從莎士比亞原著到今天我們看到的莎士比亞作品，我是說(shuō)到今天我們使用的英語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言有多少變化？
 
B: Well if Shakespeare suddenly appeared in the 21st century he would be almost illiterate because back in those days English had a vocabulary of about 150,000 words, whereas now the vocabulary of English is one of the highest in the world. I think 300,000 now, probably more, so Shakespeare wouldn't be able to make himself understood if he came back today, so in a way the vocabulary he's using is really easy. But of course English has changed from that era from middle English until contemporary, English keeps changing even if you talk to your grandparents, well not just English, all languages change and develop over time so even if you talk to your grandparents they're going to use a slightly different variety of the language you're speaking.
 
如果莎士比亞來(lái)到21世紀(jì)，他可能都不會(huì)讀寫(xiě)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)大約有15萬(wàn)個(gè)詞匯，而現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)的詞匯量可以說(shuō)是世界上詞匯量最多的語(yǔ)種之一。我想現(xiàn)在大概有30萬(wàn)個(gè)詞匯，也可能更多，所以莎士比亞如果來(lái)到21世紀(jì)，他可能無(wú)法清楚表達(dá)自己的意思，也可以說(shuō)從某個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)時(shí)他使用的詞匯非常簡(jiǎn)單。當(dāng)然從中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)到當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言一直在不斷的變化，你和你的祖父母聊天……隨著時(shí)間的推移，不僅僅是英語(yǔ)，所有語(yǔ)言都在變化、都在向前發(fā)展，你和你的祖父母聊天時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言與你使用的語(yǔ)言會(huì)有些不同。
 
A: But wait a minute. You're saying that his English is easy? When I read it it doesn't seem easy, it seems pretty tough!
 
等一下。你說(shuō)他用的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言很簡(jiǎn)單？可是我在讀他的作品時(shí)可并不覺(jué)得簡(jiǎn)單，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是非常難懂！
 
B: Well that's because his English was used in a different way. So some words and some grammatical structures are no longer in English, they've fallen out of usage except when we read stuff like Shakespeare and then for us it seems almost like a foreign language because we don't have these grammatical structures any more and we don't use English in this way anymore.
 
這是因?yàn)樗怯靡环N不同的方式來(lái)使用的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言。有一些單詞和一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)不在英語(yǔ)中使用了，那些已經(jīng)不再使用了，我們只會(huì)在莎士比亞的作品中看到，我們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得那像是外語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再使用這些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，也不再使用那種英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言了。
 
A: Ok thanks.
 
好的，謝謝。