影響你一生的電影：海豚灣——生命的救贖

　　海豚--當這個名字被輕聲念起的時候，大多數(shù)人的想象里會出現(xiàn)海洋公園里那片泛著幽藍波光的水池，一只或者一排可愛的海豚飛躍而起，在空中劃出完美而精致的弧線，惹來看臺上大人小孩的歡呼雀躍，掌聲伴隨四濺的水花響起，久久回蕩......

　　然而，當《海豚灣》（The Cove）這部紀錄片逐漸為人所知并印記在每個人的腦海里久久揮之不去時，先前在陽光碧水的輝映下閃爍了多少次的歡快畫面突然失去了所有的顏色，突然失聲沉默，突然變得銳利刺眼。這便是這部紀錄長片除卻好萊塢式的視聽愉悅外，想要帶給所有觀眾的思考--關于生命，關于理想。

　　《海豚灣》將數(shù)臺攝像機隱藏在巖石模具內(nèi)，將鏡頭對準了日本一個看似風平浪靜的海灣，之后它榮獲了第82屆奧斯卡最佳紀錄片獎，并在全世界引起軒然大波。到底這部紀錄片揭露了怎樣的事實呢？

海豚馴獸師的覺醒

　　一切還要從海豚館說起。紀錄片的男主角Richard O'Barry如今已經(jīng)白發(fā)蒼蒼，老態(tài)龍鐘，對著鏡頭講述時，他的眼神無比凝重。上個世紀60年代，正是他通過與五只海豚一點一滴的交流與互動，成功地馴養(yǎng)了這種充滿靈性的海洋動物。此后他又制作并捧紅了電視片F(xiàn)lipper，使世人都深深地為海豚的智慧聰穎與伶俐可愛著迷不已，從而掀起了全世界建造海豚館的熱潮。名利雙收的Barry終日沉浸在成功所帶來的愉悅之中，直到有一天，和他朝夕相伴的海豚Cathy突然死去--更確切地說，是自殺。

　　Barry: She was really depressed. I could feel it. I could see it. And she committed suicide in my arms. I know that's a very strong word, suicide. But you have to understand dolphins and other whales are not automatic (自動的) air breathers, like we are. Every breath they take is a conscious effort. And so they can end their life whenever life becomes too unbearable by not taking the next breath. And it's in that context I use the word suicide. She did that. She swam into my arms and looked me right in the eye and ... took a breath-and didn't take another one. I just let her go, and she sank straight down on her belly (肚皮) to the bottom of the tank.

　　百般呵護的海豚卻在自己的臂彎中憂郁地以結束呼吸的方式自殺，這令Barry極為震驚。他這才明白，海豚嘴角天然的彎曲弧線令世人以為它們永遠在微笑，但實際上，這只是一種錯覺罷了。海豚館里的海豚其實并不快樂。

　　Barry: But a dolphin's smile is nature's greatest deception (幻象). It creates the illusion (錯覺) they're always happy. The nerve center of any dolphinarium (海豚館) is the fish house. And if you go to any one of these fish houses, you'll see bottles of Maalox (一種抗酸劑) and Tagamet (胃泰美). And they're used, because dolphins get ulcers (胃潰瘍), because they're all stressed out.... Dolphins are acoustic (聲音的) creatures. That's their primary sense. The dolphin is captured and put in a concrete tank surrounded by a stadium (設有看臺的露天體育場) full of screaming people. At the National Aquarium (水族館) in Baltimore, when it first opened, dolphins were dying left and right. They couldn't keep dolphins alive, and they finally figured out it's because the filtration (過濾) system was making a lot of noise. So it's the stress that kills them.

　　Barry如夢方醒--原來，海豚這樣聰明的動物絕不屬于豢養(yǎng)的水池，大海才是它們唯一的歸宿！自己雖因馴養(yǎng)海豚聲名顯赫，卻也在無意間促發(fā)了罪惡的海豚捕撈產(chǎn)業(yè)，給海豚帶來了巨大的災難。從Cathy死后的第二天開始，他就奔走于世界各地，不惜一切代價，竭盡全力解救那些受困和需要幫助的海豚，開始了自己一生的贖罪。他在尼加拉瓜找到軍隊拯救兩只海豚；他偷偷游進美國海洋研究機構，剪斷鐵絲網(wǎng)釋放被囚禁的海豚。因為這樣的釋放海豚的行動，他和同伴們無數(shù)次被捕，有時甚至還要冒著巨大的生命危險。

　　Barry: It can be very, very dangerous. Jane Tipson, she was murdered. She's the second colleague I've worked with that was murdered. The other one was Jenny May. We were trying to stop the traffic (交易) in Russian dolphins, and it involved a hunger strike. About the tenth day, I passed out, and I went to a hospital there, so Jenny became a target, and they followed her down the beach and strangled (勒死) her with her own belt.

太地的秘密

　　困難。逮捕。死亡。這一切絲毫沒有嚇倒Barry，反而讓他更加堅定地行動著。轉戰(zhàn)世界各地幾十年后，Barry的目光最終定格在了日本一個叫太地的地方。這個風景如畫的寧靜小鎮(zhèn)常年陽光明媚，四處遍布海豚雕塑和海豚狀游船。三千人口，一千漁民。乍看上去，海豚在這里似乎被保護有加，然而，誰又能想到這里竟然是世界上最大的海豚捕撈地和屠宰場？！

　　Barry: Here in Taiji, you can go to the Whale Museum and watch the dolphin show and eat a dolphin at the same time. They sell dolphin and whale meat right in the dolphinarium (海豚館). It's the captivity industry (指圈養(yǎng)海豚表演業(yè)) that keeps this slaughter (屠殺) going by rewarding the fishermen for their bad behavior. They only get $600 for a dead dolphin, but they can get more than $150,000 for a live show dolphin.

　　在太地有一個地形險要的海灣，當?shù)貪O民會在每年海豚為了繁衍后代遷徙于此時出動十余艘漁船，在外海一字排開，用敲打金屬棍的方式制造大量金屬噪音，擾亂海豚的聲吶系統(tǒng)，從而將無數(shù)只海豚驅趕到這個早已布下重重漁網(wǎng)的海灣里。然后來自世界各地水族館的海豚馴獸師們會來此挑選中意的海豚供表演之用，沒有被選中的海豚則被趕到鄰近的一個秘密海灣里。那個秘密海灣四周密布著鐵絲網(wǎng)、掛著"禁止入內(nèi)"的紅字木牌并且有專人看守。沒有人知道在那個海灣里到底發(fā)生著什么。一批又一批的海豚被漁船驅趕進去，卻再也沒有一只能夠游出來。

　　Barry懷疑這個海灣里存在著不可告人的秘密，海豚可能就是在此被大量屠殺，然后制成海豚肉出售。Barry試圖依靠當?shù)匾吧鷦游锝M織和環(huán)保協(xié)會的力量來加以干預調查，卻失望而歸。

　　Barry: There are lots of groups here in Japan-World Wildlife Fund (世界野生動物基金會), Greenpeace (綠色和平組織), International Fund for Animal Welfare (國際動物福利基金會). They all make hundreds of millions of dollars between them. This is the largest slaughter of dolphins in the world. Where are they? ... There is one organization whose sole purpose is to protect all cetaceans (鯨類動物) in the wild. That's the lWC-the lnternational Whaling Commission (國際捕鯨委員會). But for some reason, small cetaceans, dolphins and porpoises (小鯨), aren't protected.

　　Barry決定繼續(xù)以自己的力量來拯救海豚。

勇闖海豚灣

　　已遭當?shù)鼐蕉⑸液彤數(shù)睾碀O民威脅恐嚇的Barry無法通過正常渠道進入"神秘海灣"探查。此時，在一次海洋哺乳動物專家座談會上與Barry相識的電影導演Louie Psihoyos聽說了太地的事情后，決定加入Barry的行列，組建一支行動小組，潛入海灣腹地秘密拍攝，一探究竟。

　　很快，Barry和Louie Psihoyos便找來了志同道合的各行精英：加拿大潛水女王、曾獲得八次世錦賽冠軍的Mandy-Rae Cruikshank和她的潛水員丈夫，他們負責在水下安裝攝像機和水聽器；曾在《加勒比海盜》中出演主帆手的美國演員Charles Hambleto則擔任"反盯梢"的角色；一位曾擔任加拿大空軍技師的電學專家制作了一架海豚式樣的無人駕駛飛艇，該遙控飛艇下方隱蔽處裝有高清攝影機......

　　一切準備就緒。一行人佯裝成一支搖滾樂隊，從美國飛赴太地，開始了他們的秘密計劃。

　　軍用設備，高端儀器，夜半詭秘的行蹤，手持魚刀面目兇惡的漁民，還有便衣警察的跟蹤監(jiān)視，一切就像是一次頗具危險性的軍事諜戰(zhàn)。要知道，僅僅是這樣的事實揭露行為在日本也面臨著巨大的危險。即便如此，本與Barry所要投身的事業(yè)無關的電影導演Louie Psihoyos還是決定勇敢地走下去。

　　Louie Psihoyos: To me, you're either an activist or an inactivist, and I wanted to be active. I wanted to stop this.

血色屠殺

　　幾經(jīng)周折，他們終于成功地將偽裝在巖石模型里的攝影機安置在迷霧重重的海灣那一側。

　　賓館的房間里，Barry和同伴們屏息凝視著電腦屏幕上高清攝影機所記錄下的一切。

　　神秘海灣的沙灘上，幾個漁民正在生一堆篝火，談笑風生地等待著。漁船駛來，海豚涌入。眾人嫻熟地跳上各自的漁船，手持倒刺魚叉，呼嘯著撲向困在海灣里密密麻麻的海豚。尖利的魚叉一次次刺向海豚，伴隨著海豚絕望的哀鳴、垂死的翻騰。噴涌的鮮血漸染了整片海面，那刺目的紅色足以讓所有人膽戰(zhàn)心驚。一條條僵直了的海豚尸體被打撈入船，隨后群船緩緩駛出，掌舵的漁夫們滿臉堆笑。

　　難以想象，每年數(shù)千頭海豚竟是以這種方式被殘忍屠殺！

　　Louie Psihoyos: There was a kind of collective horror when we started to see the footage (影片的連續(xù)鏡頭). It was mind-boggling (令人吃驚的).They're doing it exactly like they did with the large whales. They're slaughtering everyone they can get.

　　Barry: Why didn't they set them free? That question has kept me awake for a long time. I've watched them give birth. I've nursed them back to health when they're sick. Had I known what I know now, I would have raised enough money to buy them away from the Seaquarium and set them free. That would have been the right thing to do. I was buying a new Porsche (保時捷跑車) every year. But I was as ignorant as I could be for as long as I could be. I didn't think about that for a long time later.

　　再也按捺不住自己內(nèi)心的悲憤與傷痛，Barry將滾動播放海灣屠殺畫面的顯示屏綁在胸前，帶著它出現(xiàn)在了國際捕鯨委員會的核心會場，默默繞場以示抗爭。他要用事實喚醒所有人的良知，喚起所有人的行動！

　　Barry曾經(jīng)花了10年時間建立起風靡全球海洋館的海豚表演事業(yè)，而之后的35年時間里，卻又致力于摧毀它。年復一年，他背負著自己再也不曾卸下過的沉重懊悔；日復一日，他被依然發(fā)生在這個小鎮(zhèn)里、發(fā)生在海豚身上的血腥屠戮深深折磨。他頂著滿頭白發(fā)，出現(xiàn)在海豚灣，告訴每個人說："I have to see this in my lifetime. Right now I'm focusing on that one little body of water where that slaughter takes place. If we can't stop that, if we can fix that, forget about the bigger issues. There is no hope."

　　影片的最后，Barry隨身攜帶播放著捕殺海豚鏡頭的血腥畫面出現(xiàn)在日本大都市的街頭。街上車水馬龍、人流洶涌，唯有他獨自一人安靜地站在那兒。當原本川流不息的人群被畫面震驚而逐漸圍攏、駐足觀看時，那個時刻，相信很多人都感受到了一種力量--一種在重重困境中堅持抗爭、追求理想事業(yè)的力量，一種幾十年如一日的執(zhí)著的精神力量，而隨之產(chǎn)生的，是一種想要與Barry站在一起共同行動的沖動。而我們也不禁捫心自問：是否有太久太久的時間，我們已變得遲鈍麻木、后知后覺，以至于對海豚館里人類一廂情愿強加給海豚的表演司空見慣，甚至樂在其中？當我們建立各種協(xié)會和各類組織的時候，我們是否已然遺忘了自己肩上的責任，忽略了每個人參與其中的力量？

　　也許，這正是《海豚灣》最終所要傳達給觀眾并促使觀眾去思考的問題。正如其電影海報上那句極富號召力的話所揭示的那樣--"人類是海豚最大的威脅，也是它們唯一的希望。"

　　希望有一天，當我們再次提到"海豚"這個詞的時候，腦海里閃現(xiàn)的不再是一座座海豚館和海豚絕望的眼神，而是它們自由自在遨游于大海的身影......