晨讀英語美文100篇六級(jí)Address by Engels

[ti:] [ar:] [al:] [by:] [00:02.76]Passage 8. Address by Engels [00:07.79]On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, [00:13.91]the greatest living thinker ceased to think. [00:17.97]He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, [00:21.79]and when we came back we found him in his armchair, [00:26.28]peacefully gone to sleep—but forever. [00:29.89]An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by the militant proletariat of Europe and America, [00:37.77]and by historical science, in the death of this man. [00:42.47]The gap that has been left by the departure of this mighty spirit [00:47.51]will soon enough make itself felt. [00:50.80]Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, [00:56.04]so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: [01:01.51]the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, [01:07.09]that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, [01:13.33]before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; [01:19.13]that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence [01:24.48]and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people [01:30.06]or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, [01:36.08]the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, [01:41.22]of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, [01:47.36]be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case. [01:53.37]But that is not all. [01:54.90]Marx also discovered the special law of motion governing the present-day capitalist mode of production [02:03.00]and the bourgeois society that this mode of production has created. [02:07.81]The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, [02:13.28]in trying to solve which all previous investigations, [02:17.66]of both bourgeois economists and socialist critics, had been groping in the dark. [02:24.00]Two such discoveries would be enough for one lifetime. [02:28.82]Happy the man to whom it is granted to make even one such discovery. [02:34.95]But in every single field which Marx investigated—and he investigated very many fields, [02:42.17]none of them superficially—in every field, even in that of mathematics, [02:48.29]he made independent discoveries.

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