What's the right thing to do? 什么是正確的事?
——這個(gè)看似簡單的問題可能比你想象的困難。我們相信的、都是正確的嗎?我們認(rèn)為正確的、都值得去做嗎?哈佛教授用生動(dòng)風(fēng)趣的一個(gè)個(gè)問題逐步瓦解了我們對“正義”的定義。
英語學(xué)習(xí)筆記
1. So you can turn the trolley car, if you want to, onto the side track, killing the one, but sparing the five.
所以,你可以將火車開向另一條岔道——如果你愿意的話——殺死那一個(gè)工人,但救了另外五個(gè)。
Spare的罕見意義:If someone spares a person or a place, they do not harm or destroy them although they may have thretened to or they are harming or destroying other people or places. 使免遭(傷害、毀滅);饒恕;赦免。
2. Who's willing to volunteer a reason?
誰自愿來說說你的想法?
volunteer:做名詞講是“志愿者”的意思;如果做動(dòng)詞,則是“自愿提供”之意。
3. In order to save one type of race, you wipe out the other.
為了救活一個(gè)種族,你殺害其他的種族。
wipe out: 消滅、推倒。
4. ...leaning over the bridge is a very fat man...
一個(gè)胖子靠在橋邊……
lean over: 斜倚著、靠著
6.Who else can find a way of reconciling the reaction in the majority in these two cases?
reconcile:調(diào)和、協(xié)調(diào)
7. a split second choice 迅速的選擇、考慮很少的選擇
8. You are about to see thenm die.
你即將看著他們死去。、
about to do sth. 即將做某事
9. ...yank out the five organs that person would die...
你可以取出五個(gè)器官,而這個(gè)人會(huì)因此死亡……
yank out:取出、拔出
10.These risks spring from the fact that pholosophy teaches us and unsettles us by confronting us with what we already know.
11. We didn't resolve once and for all.
我們不能一勞永逸地解決事情。
12. Utilitarian 功利主義道德理論
—— 請大家小心,文字本身有它的力量。“功利主義”這四個(gè)字在中文里天生就帶了貶義,但我們要注意的是它的英文原文其實(shí)是中性的。這是翻譯所不能解決的事情。
13. He meant by utility the balance of pleasure over pain, happiness over suffering.
他認(rèn)為“功利”的定義是讓愉快高于痛苦、讓幸福高于煎熬。
14. The greatest good for the greatest number.
為最多數(shù)人謀取最大的利益
15....he motioned to Stevens...
他示意斯蒂芬……
motion to sb. 向某人示意
16. Why would you morally exonerate them? 為什么你會(huì)在道義上赦免他們?